literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Gag-Protease Sequence Evolution Following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Viruses Circulating in East Africa.

PMID: 26258548 2015 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Introduction: Of particular relevance to this study were mutations associated with resistance to boosted lopinavir: L10I (three subtype A patients), L10V (one subtype A), K20R (five subtype As and 1 subtype C), L33V (one subtype D), L63P (one subtype A, two subtype Cs, and three subtype Ds).

Introduction: Other common mutations included L10V (observed in four patients), G16E (four patients), and K20R (six patients), none of which was a consensus residue in subtype A, C, or D.

Introduction: The presence of minor resistance mutations in protease in non-B subtypes has been widely reported: 63P is the consensus residue in subtype D, L10I is prese

HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users.

PMID: 26279669 2015 AIDS research and therapy

Abstract: Minor PI mutations including A71T, G48E, G48R, I13V, K20I, K20R, L10I, L10V, L33F, L63P, T74S, V11I, and V32L were detected among the ART-experienced (36.2 vs.

Result: Fourteen (29.8 %) ART-experienced IDUs harboured only minor mutations comprising of 1(2.1 %) K20I, 7 (8.5 %) K20R, 3 (6.4 %) L10I, 1 (2.1 %) V32L and 2 (12.5 %) L10V+

The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil.

PMID: 26543866 2015 BioMed research international

Result: In contrast, several secondary mutations were found to differ between B and non-B subtypes: L63P (p < 0.001) and A71T (p = 0.021) were higher in subtype B, and M36I (p < 0.001), K20R (p < 0.001), L10V (p = 0.004), L89 M (p < 0.001), and F53L (p = 0.011) were higher in non-B subtypes.

Result: In the experienced subgroup, at least seven major (M46I, Discussion: L63P and A71T were associated with subtype B, whereas L10V, K20R, M36I, F53L, and L89M were linked to non-B subtypes.

The L33F darunavir resistance mutation acts as a molecular anchor reducing the flexibility of the HIV-1 protease 30s and 80s loops.

PMID: 29124158 2015 Biochemistry and biophysics reports

Introduction: Clinical isolates previously obtained from the Wayne State University Infectious Disease Clinic in Detroit, MI contain major drug resistance mutations L33F, I47V, I50V, I54M, L76V, V82I/F, and I84F as well as nonpolymorphicaccessory mutations L10V/G, V11I, I13V, K20T/R, L33I/M, K43T, F53L, A71L, T74P, and L89V.

Persistence of frequently transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 variants can be explained by high viral replication capacity.

PMID: 25575025 2014 Retrovirology

Table: K20R

The role of mutations at codons 32, 47, 54, and 90 in HIV-1 protease flap dynamics.

PMID: 32309558 2014 Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)

Introduction: The DetMDRs also contain previously identified non-polymorphic accessory mutations L10V/G, V11I, I13V, K20T/R, L33F/I/M, K43T, F53L, A71L, T74P, and L89V.

Structures of darunavir-resistant HIV-1 protease mutant reveal atypical binding of darunavir to wide open flaps.

PMID: 24738918 2014 ACS chemical biology

Method: The PRP51 construct contains 14 mutations (L10I, I15V, K20R, L24I, V32I, L33F, M36I, M46L, I54M, L63P, K70Q, V82I, I84V, and L89M) plus three other mutations Q7K to minimize autoproteolysis and C67A and C95A to prevent cysteine-induced aggregation.

Result: Mutation K20R alters a residue near the protein surface showing varied interacti

Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 23469241 2013 PloS one

Table: K20R

Transmitted HIV drug resistance in treatment-naive Romanian patients.

PMID: 23592112 2013 Journal of medical virology

Discussion: A high frequency of minor PI resistance mutations (M36I, L63P, and K20R/I) has been reported in newly diagnosed immigrants from Spain, infected with non-B subtypes.

Emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 subtype C protease gene in north India.

PMID: 23888308 2013 Virus genes

Abstract: Approximately 70% polymorphisms as minor mutations were observed in protease gene, of which 14 distinct amino acids changes were linked to partial DR such as G16E, K20R, M36I, D60E, I62V, L63P, I64M, H69K, T74A/S, V77I, V82I, I85V, L89M, and I93L.

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