Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.
PMID: 28328546
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Although most mutations in plasma and CSF were similar, 2 of 3 LLV cases had unique mutations in CSF (case 1: D67N, N348I, E399D, K20R; case 2: P225L, T74A).
Biochemical characterization of a multi-drug resistant HIV-1 subtype AG reverse transcriptase: antagonism of AZT discrimination and excision pathways and sensitivity to RNase H inhibitors.
Result: Sequence comparisons of HIV-1 positive naive and HAART treated patients revealed a correlation between K20R and 3TC resistance and an association with TAMs, while T39A appears to be associated with previous AZT and d4T treatment and with the development of TAMs.
Unique Flap Conformation in an HIV-1 Protease with High-Level Darunavir Resistance.
Abstract: An additional K20R mutation anchors an altered conformation of the hinge loop.
Result: Comparison of PRS17/DRV with PR20/DRV complex, which has E35D, M36I, S37N and I62V mutations, reveals that the hinge loop conformation of PR20 in subunit A is similar to PRS17 except for absence of the K20R mutation and consequent absence of the ion pair interactions observed between Arg20 and Asp35 in PRS17/DRV (Fig 3B).
Result: The guanidine head of K20R also forms hydrogen bond interactions with the main chain carbonyl oxygen of
HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia.
Abstract: A high incidence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variants and a higher rate of secondary mutations influencing the virus fitness (K20R, L10V, and I) are observed among the virus specimens isolated from newly infected individuals.
Result: The mutations able to improve HIV-1 reproductive characteristics in the presence of PIs or decrease the PI sensitivity (K20R, T74S, L10V/I, and K20I) were most frequently recordable among the examined HIV-1 variants, mainly in the individuals infected in 2010-2015.
Cross-sectional study of virological failure and multinucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance at 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in Western India.
Result: Only 1 individual had major PI resistance mutation L90M and 5 had minor PI resistance mutations L89M, V77I, L63P, H69K/R/Q, M36I, K20I/M/R/T, G16E, and L10V/I.
High level of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients with HIV-1 and HIV-1/2 dual infections in Guinea-Bissau.
Abstract: Although not in the WHO SDRMs list, several minor protease inhibitor resistant mutations listed in the International Antiviral Society-USA panel were identified, of which M36I, H69K, L89M/V/I (each one 100%) and K20R/T (92.5%) can be considered as polymorphic signatures for CRF35_AD.The relatively high rate of TDR mutations in our study raises concerns about the risk of treatment failure in chronically infected IDUs of Sanandaj city.
Table: K20R
Discussion: Moreover, in agreement with previous reports we identified high frequencies of M36I, H69K, L89M/V/I and K20R/T mutations that may be considered as p
In vitro selection of HIV-1 CRF08_BC variants resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 25482475
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Initial mutations, in combination with other previously reported substitutions (K20R, D67N, V90I, K101R/E, V106I/A, V108I, F116L, E138R, A139V, V189I, G190A, D218E, E203K, H221Y, F227L, N348I, and T369I) or novel mutations (V8I, S134N, C162Y, L228I
Effectiveness of a Treatment Switch to Nevirapine plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) in Adults with HIV-1 Suppressed Viremia.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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