Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Impact of lopinavir/ritonavir use on antiretroviral resistance in recent clinical practice.
PMID: 22733652
2012
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Mutations in the protease gene significantly selected between baseline and failure were L10V, K20R, L33F, M36I, I47V, I54V, A71V and I85V (P < 0.05).
Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive Population from Northern India.
Result: Accessory minor PI mutations K20R, M36I, and H69K were seen in 7.3% (5/68), 97% (66/68), and 49% (33/68) patients, respectively; L63P, A71E, A71V, I13V, L10V, K45I, and K45R were observed in one patient each.
Molecular epidemiology of HIV in two highly endemic areas of northeastern South Africa.
Discussion: However, that study reported 46% prevalence for K20R and 8% for V82I, which are higher than the findings in the current study.
Discussion: The secondary substitution was L10V in two viruses (7%), whereas K20R occurred in four (14%) of the 29 isolates.
Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-I subtypes among newly-diagnosed drug-naive persons visiting a voluntary testing and counselling centre in northeastern South Africa.
PMID: 21957668
2011
Journal of health, population, and nutrition
Discussion: Several polymorphisms, such as K20R, M36I, and I93L, common in HIV-1 subtype C viruses and associated with drug resistance site, were also observed as has been previously reported.
The L76V mutation in HIV-1 protease is potentially associated with hypersusceptibility to protease inhibitors Atazanavir and Saquinavir: is there a clinical advantage?
Abstract: Patients infected with non-B subtypes showed a high frequency of minor protease inhibitor resistance mutations, M36I, L63P, and K20R/I.
Result: The M36I mutation in protease was observed in all patients, whilst K20I/R, L63P, V77I and L10V/I mutations were present in 75%, 17.8%, 10.7% and 7.1% of patients, respectively.
Table: K20R
Discussion: Our results indicated that patients infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes showed a high frequency of minor PR mutations (polymorphisms) as M36I,
Can linear regression modeling help clinicians in the interpretation of genotypic resistance data? An application to derive a lopinavir-score.
Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.
PMID: 22180722
2011
Romanian biotechnological letters
Result: The most commonly encountered polymorphisms that may induce early development of drug resistance, were L63T, present in 80.5% of the cases and M36I in 77.8% of the cases, followed by L89M (50%), K20R (72.3%) and L10V (63.9%) of the patients.
Prevalence and clinical significance of HIV drug resistance mutations by ultra-deep sequencing in antiretroviral-naive subjects in the CASTLE study.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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