literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study.

PMID: 34694878 2022 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Table: K20R

Emergence of Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors during Dolutegravir Containing Triple-Therapy in a Treatment-Experienced Patient with Pre-Existing M184V/I Mutation.

PMID: 33228206 2020 Viruses

Result: In addition, the accessory protease mutations K20R, L10I, I13V, and G16E were detected.

Increased HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance with consistent clade homogeneity among ART-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Ethiopia.

PMID: 32993693 2020 Retrovirology

Result: The most frequent mutations observed in the PR sequence were H69K (100%) and M36L (98%), followed by L89M (58.8%), I15V (25.5%), K20R (25.5%), T74S (17.6%) and L89I (5.88%).

Discussion: The most frequent minor mutations observed in the PR sequence were H69K (100%) and M36L (98%), followed by L89M (58.8%), I15V (25.5%), K20R (25.5%), and T74S (17.6%).

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals residing in Jakarta, Indonesia.

PMID: 32874468 2020 Infectious disease reports

Result: Despite no drug resistance-related major mutations were identified, several drug resistance-related minor mutations including M36I [amino acid substitution from methionine (M) to isoleucine (I) at position 36 in the PR gene] (85.71%), H69K (85.71%), L89M (76.19%), K20R (57.14%), and G16E (47.62%), were detected in the PR genes (Table 1).

Discussion: In the present study, no TDR against PIs was detected, while minor mutations, M36I (85.71%), H69K (85.71%), L89M (76.19%), K20R (57.14%), and G16E (47.62%), were frequently detected among 85.7

HIV-1 drug resistance mutations detection and HIV-1 subtype G report by using next-generation sequencing platform.

PMID: 32360523 2020 Microbial pathogenesis

Abstract: In the present study polymorphic mutation in the position of K20R, M36I, H69K, L89 M were properly reported in CRF35AD that is dominant in Iranian HIV patients.

Abstract: The Protease inhibitor (PI) minor and major mutations were not reported but more than 95% of samples had polymorphisms mutation in K20R, M36I, H69K, L89 M positions.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016.

PMID: 32280691 2020 BioMed research international

Result: The most frequent mutations were L10I/V (32), A71I/T/V (28), and K20I/R (26), among which L10I/V and A71I/T/V are mutations that do not affect drug susceptibility and K20I/R were predicted to have potential resistance to NFV.

Discussion:

Discussion: In this study, among the PI-associated DR mutations detected, K20I/R and T74S were mainly found in CRF01_AE while A71I/T/V, Q58E, and V82I were frequently observed in CRF07_BC, indicating that the presence of different mutations may vary among different subtypes.

Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 protease reveals decreased intra-subunit interactions due to clusters of mutations.

PMID: 31920003 2020 The FEBS journal

Result: PRS17 and PR20 also have additional compensating mutations that act synergistically with M36I (K20R in PRS17 and I33F, I13V and I15V in PR20) to further stabilize the hinge.

Result: In PRS17/DRV, the E35D side chain forms an ion pair with K20R and a hydrogen bond with the side chain of Asn83'.

Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations among patients failing first-line treatment in Hanoi, Vietnam.

PMID: 31190911 2019 Infection and drug resistance

Abstract: In genetic mutations in PIs, M36I and K20R mutations made up 9.3%.

Result: In genetic mutations to PIs, M36I and K20R mutations made up 9.3% (Table 5).

Table: K20R

HIV-1 subtype diversity, drug resistance, and genetic transmission networks in men who have sex with men with virologic failure in antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan, China, 2011 to 2017.

PMID: 31651864 2019 Medicine

Abstract: The most common drug resistance-associated mutations in protease inhibitors (PIs), NRTIs and NNRTIs were K20I/R, M184V/I and K103N/KN, respectively.

Result: The most common PI-related mutations were K20I/R (18/372, 4.84%) and V82I (13/372, 3.49%) (Table 3).

Mechanism of Darunavir (DRV)'s High Genetic Barrier to HIV-1 Resistance: A Key V32I Substitution in Protease Rarely Occurs, but Once It Occurs, It Predisposes HIV-1 To Develop DRV Resistance.

PMID: 29511083 2018 mBio

Table: K20R

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