Result: The mutations able to improve HIV-1 reproductive characteristics in the presence of PIs or decrease the PI sensitivity (K20R, T74S, L10V/I, and K20I) were most frequently recordable among the examined HIV-1 variants, mainly in the individuals infected in 2010-2015.
Unique Flap Conformation in an HIV-1 Protease with High-Level Darunavir Resistance.
Gag-Protease Sequence Evolution Following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Viruses Circulating in East Africa.
PMID: 26258548
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Before bPI, significant variation in Protease and Gag was observed at positions previously associated with PI exposure and resistance including Gag mutations L449P, S451N, and L453P and Protease K20I and L63P.
Viral Genetic Diversity and Polymorphisms in a Cohort of HIV-1-Infected Patients Eligible for Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Abuja, Nigeria.
PMID: 25582324
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Eleven polymorphic mutations (G16E, Result: Of the 271 sequences analyzed, 11 polymorphic mutations (G16E, K20I, L23P, E35D, M36I, N37D/S/T, R57K, L63P, and V82I) in the PR and 3 (D123N and I135T/V) in the RT were identified.
Discussion: For instance, K20I in the PR region was present in all subtypes and CRFs except for eight sequences that were all subtype A-containing recombinants.
HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users.
Discussion: In addition, our results corroborate previous studies showing K20I/M/R, L10I/V, I13V, and L63P minor mutations among HIV infected treatment-naive individuals in Morocco.
Discussion: It is important to emphasize that three of the individuals with major mutations concurrently harboured G48E, K20I, K20R and T74S minor mutations.
Discussion: Most importantly, major mutations, D30N and M46I co-existed with minor mutations, G48E, K20I and T74S, suggesting that these mutati
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Result: K20I/V codons are nonpolymorphic in most subtypes.
Result: K20I was found in almost all G and CRF02_AG isolates and is a natural polymorphism of both genetic forms.
Phenotypic characterization of virological failure following lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy using full-length Gag-protease genes.
PMID: 25096075
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: A number of protease polymorphisms were present both at baseline and time of treatment failure: I13V, K14R, K20I, E35Q, M36I, R41K, R57K, Q61N
Result: The minor resistance mutation A71T was present in protease of viral variants from screening and the time of treatment failure, along with a number of polymorphisms: I13A, K20I, M36I, R41K, H69K, L89I and I93M (Table S1).
Transmitted HIV drug resistance in treatment-naive Romanian patients.
Discussion: A high frequency of minor PI resistance mutations (M36I, L63P, and K20R/I) has been reported in newly diagnosed immigrants from Spain, infected with non-B subtypes.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
BioMed research international
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