literature

Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.

PMID: 20462946 2010 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: Twenty-nine pairs of NNRTI-selected mutations covaried significantly, including Y181C with seven other mutations (A98G, K101E/H, V108I, G190A/S and H221Y), L100I with K103N, and K101P with K103S.

Method: These mutations included: (i) 46 non-polymorphic NNRTI-selected mutations at 28 positions (I94L, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/N/P, K102N,

PMID: 19119321 2009 PloS one

Method: NVP-R was defined by mutations present at the following amino acid sites: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H, or G190A/S/E based on recommendations from International AIDS Society-USA Drug Resistance Mutations and Stanford University drug-resistance database.

Compilation and prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19320243 2009 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: These included V90I, A98G, L100I, K1O1E/P/Q, K103H/N/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T and Y318F

The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 19417582 2009 AIDS (London, England)

Method: NNRTI mutations included K103N, Y181C, Y181I, G190A, G190S, V108I, Y188L, V106M, P225H, and K103NS.

Result: The most frequent NNRTI mutations were Y181C (55%), G190A (30%), K103N (28%), K101E (15%), Y188L (8%), V106M (7%), Y181I (6%), K103N/S (2%),

PMID: 19474648 2009 AIDS (London, England)

Abstract: Although the effect of K103S is unclear, additional position 138 substitutions seem important for etravirine susceptibility.

Abstract: Etravirine phenotypic fold changes were 380-1400 for K101P + E138A/G/Q + K103N/S/T + V179I and 12-130 for K101P + (K103S +/- V179I) in the absence of E138A/G/Q.

In utero HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of nevirapine resistance in ugandan infants who were exposed to perinatal single dose nevirapine.

PMID: 19552593 2009 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Table: K103N/S

Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19734799 2009 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, V179F, Y188C/H/L, G190A/S/E/Q and M230L were defined as major NNRTI resistance mutations.

Result: No NNRTI-resistance mutations as high as 0.5% with the exception of K103S (a likely K103N revertant) which was detected in 0.6% and 0.9% of reads from samples 8048 and 28010, respectively.

Application of an allele-specific PCR to clinical HIV genotyping samples detects additional K103N mutations in both therapy naive and experienced patients.

PMID: 19856473 2009 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: When applied to samples from patients presenting for genotyping, the ASP detects K103N, not K103 nor K103R, but cross-reacts with K103S.

Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy.

PMID: 18666824 2008 PLoS medicine

Result: The bulk genotypes of these three specimens revealed only one resistance-associated mutation for each: K70R, K219Q, and K103S, respectively.

Surveillance of genotypic resistance mutations in chronic HIV-1 treated individuals after completion of the National Access to Antiretroviral Program in Thailand.

PMID: 17401711 2007 Infection

Abstract: The reverse transcriptase genes M184V/I (919/1,880; 48.9%) and K103S/H (416/1,880; 22.1%) were the most frequent in nucleoside reverse transcriptase and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, respectively.