Discussion: Results from the HIV-1 drug resistance mutation research by the International AIDS Society-USA (updated in March 2013) have revealed that PI resistance mutation sites are L10I, K20M, V32I, M36I, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50V, Q58E, A71V, G73S, V82A/F/T, I84V, L89V,L90M; NRTIs resistance mutations are M41L, A62V, PMID: 25006528
2014
ISRN AIDS
Abstract: The most frequent NRT
Result: The commonest NRTI mutation observed was M184V (8/19) and the most common NNRTI was K103N/S (6/19).
Discussion: The most common primary NNRTI resistance mutation was K103N/S which was observed in 6 study participants (K103N-5; K103S-1), which is also the most common mutation documented in another Indian study, whereas two other Indian studies found Y181C/V & G190A and V106M & Y181C, respectively, as the commonest NNRTI mutations.
2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Discussion: However, for isolates harboring the L100I/ K103N/R/S or V179D as single mutations, no reduction in susceptibility was detected.
Discussion: The combinations of reverse transcriptase mutations L100I + K103N/S and L100I + K103R + V179D were strongly associated with reduced susceptibility to rilpivirine.
Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.
Result: Regarding the NNRTI mutations, V90L, K101E, K103N/S, V106I/M, V1791L were observed in both patients groups.
Discussion: All naive patients harbored viruses that were resistant to NVP/EFV with a majority of them showing the K103N/S mutation.
Discussion: The rates of 181C/I, K103N/S G190A and M184L/V mutations were also higher than in another recent study in Cambodia among patients having a median duration of 12 months up to 4 years on antiretroviral therapy.
A significant reduction in the frequency of HIV-1 drug resistance in Quebec from 2001 to 2011 is associated with a decrease in the monitored viral load.
Discussion: In TN individuals, M41L (2.1%), M184I/V (2.6%), K103N/S (3.65%) and G190A/S (3.67%) were the most common mutations detected.
Discussion: Our results show that since 2004, the frequency of K103N/S increased from 1.5% before 2003 to 4.1% in 2011 while G190A/S frequency decreased from 5.6% to 3.1%.
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.
PMID: 25397495
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: RESULTS: The patients had TDRMs to NRTIs (K65R, M184V), NNRTIs (K101E, K103N/S, G190A/E/S, Y181I/C, Y188H/L) and PIs (M46L, I54V, L76V, V82L/T, N83D, I84V, L90M).
[Investigation of HIV-1 primary drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy-naive cases].
Abstract: Detected mutations were as follows: M41L, K70E, M184V, L210W and T215C/D/S, responsible for nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) resistance; K103N/S and Y181C, responsible for non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance; M46L and L90M, responsible for protease inhibitor (PI) resistance.
HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Pregnant Women in Jamaica: A Preliminary Report.
PMID: 25803373
2014
The West Indian medical journal
Abstract: Three minor protease resistant-conferring mutations (A71AT, A71V, A71T) and five mutations conferring high to low-level resistance (K219EK, T69S, K103S, G190A and K103N) were detected in the RT region.
The development of drug resistance mutations K103N Y181C and G190A in long term Nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
The Annals of pharmacotherapy
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