Result: K103E frequently co-occurred with K103R, which had a prevalence of 61%.
Result: Fifty-eight percent of the study population had both the K103E and K103R variants.
Discussion: RT K103E (77%) and K103R (61%) were the most common variants identified in our study.
Discussion: Knowledge of the high level of K103R polymorphism in this study population is important if population levels of the V179D variant increase.
Discussion: When present with the variant V179D, which was not found in our participants, K103R can reduce susceptibility to NVP and EFV approximately 15-fold.
Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia.
Result: Out of the 41 viraemic subjects 33 (80.5%) harbored NRTI resistance mutations, and 20 (48.8%) were found to have NNRTI resistance mutations, while 13 (31.7%) harbored other resistance mutations like V90A, K101Q and K103R.
HIV-1 drug resistance among individuals who seroconverted in the ASPIRE dapivirine ring trial.
PMID: 34762770
2021
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: K103R
Molecular Network Analysis Reveals Transmission of HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Strains Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infections in a Moderately HIV Endemic City in China.
Abstract: Molecular network analysis revealed three CRF07_BC clusters with TDR [two with Q58E (29/29) and one with K103N (10/19)]; and five CRF01_AE clusters with TDR [two with M46L (6/6), one with A98G (4/4), one with E138A (3/3), and one with K103R/V179D (3/3)].
Abstract: TDR mutations detected in more than 10 cases were Q58E (n = 51), M46ILV (n = 46), K103N (n = 26), E138AGKQ (n = 25), K103R/V179D (n = 20), and A98G (n = 12).
Result: Eleven TDR strains harbored dual-c
Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort.
Discussion: K102Q/R, K103R, and K104R have not been associated with reduced susceptibility to NNRTIs, but can interfere with detection of K103N by OLA-Simple, as their presence could interfere with the DNA ligase requirement that the four nucleotides surrounding the ligation site have perfect complementarity with the target, causing an IND result.
Discussion: Probe design for K103N proved particularly challenging due to relatively frequent changes at this or adjacent codons 102 (K102Q/R), 103 (K103S, K103R), and 104 (K104R).
Natural polymorphisms in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain and profile of acquired drug resistance mutations in a long-term combination treatment cohort in northeastern China.
Result: The NNRTI-associated DRMs detected at TF time point included G190S/C (66.7%), K101E/N/Q (52.4%), V179D/I/A/T/E (45.2%), Y181C (42.9%), K103R/N/S (42.9%), and V106 M (23.8%) (Table 1).
Discussion: A study on a London cohort in the United Kingdom found that different baseline polymorphisms, including V90I, A98S, and K103R, were associated with virologic failure, but their effects could not be differentiated from the impacts of the different treatment regimens and HIV strains.
Discussion: In this study, the polymorphisms at five known drug resistance-associated sites (
Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Genotypes Among Unique Recombinant Forms from Yunnan Province, China in 2016-2017.
PMID: 31914782
2020
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Mutations such as M184V/I (35.4%) in NRTIs and K103N/R/S/T (25.4%), V179D/E/T/Y (18.9%), G190A/E/R/S (13.8%), and Y181C (9.2%) in NNRTIs were common among the HIV-1 URF strains relative to other mutations.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Result: The following NNRTI mutations were also associated: A98G, L100I, K103R, V108I, Y181C, Y188L, G190A, P225H, L228R, and M230L.
Natural presence of V179E and rising prevalence of E138G in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in CRF55_01B viruses.
PMID: 31678241
2020
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: Besides the natural presence of V179D and K103R/V179D in CRF65_cpx, the natural presence of V179E was found in CRF55_01B.
Abstract: Recently, our previous study has demonstrated the natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strains.
HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and drug resistance-associated mutations among treatment-naive blood donors in China.
Result: Most of the NNRTI DRMs (V179D/E [72.7%, 16/22]) were observed in HIV-1 infected blood donors and a combination of V179D and K103R were found in two samples may synergistically reduce ARV drug susceptibility.
Table: K103R
Discussion: A combination of RT V179D and K103R found in two samples with HIV-1 infection may synergistically reduce EFV and NVP susceptibility about 10-fold, RT mutations with combination of V179D and K103R were also observed in treatment-naive individuals in China
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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