Result: Among the 119 NNRTI mutations identified, the most common mutation was K103N (45.5%), which can cause a high level of resistance to efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP), the two ARV drugs that are the components of the WHO-recommended first-line regimens.
Result: Among them, the most common drug resistance mutation was K103N, and a total of 12 HIV infection patients contained this drug resistance mutation and were distributed in 10 transmission clusters.
Discussion:
Discussion: EFV and NVP, which are both NNRTIs, had the highest drug resistance rate in this study which was mainly caused by K103N, V179D, V106M and E138G/Q mutations.
Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia.
Result: Forward transmission of SDRMs throughout the period 2014-2017 was determined in several TCs: (1) T215S (n = 20) and its sub-cluster T215S + L210W (n = 9) (2), K101E (n = 14) and (3) V32I + I47V + T215D/E + L100I + K103N (n = 8).
Result: Resistance to NNRTIs was determined in 27/403 (6.7%) cases, with mutations K101E (3.7%), K103N (2.5%) and L100I (1.9%) most frequently observed.
Result: Some of these sequences carrying SDRMs: T69D, G190E, K219Q and
Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance-associated mutation profile of treated and naive HIV-1 infected patients from the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Abstract: M184V (8.4%, 20/239) and K103N (5.4%, 13/239) were the most prevalent mutations.
Result: M184V (8.4%, 20/239) and K103N (5.4%, 13/239) were the most frequent NRTI- and NNRTI-associated mutations respectively.
Result: The most common patterns among ART-experience patients were K103N only or in combination with P225H or V106A (9.8%, 4/41), Y181C only or in combin
Table: K103N
Discussion: K103N also was the most prevalent NNRTI mutation and is responsible for cross-resistance in this drug class.
HIV Drug Resistance among Patients Failing Therapy at a Tertiary Center in Oman: A Case Record Review.
Abstract: The phylogenetic analyses of the amplified region of pol gene indicated that all of the 15 HIV-1-infected pediatric patients were infected by CRF35_AD, and a total of 13.3% (2/15) of these children were infected with HIV-1 variants with SDRMs (one child harbored two related SDRMs [D67N, V179F], and another child had three related SDRMs [M184V, T215F, and K103N]), according to the last algorithm of the WHO.
HIV Drug Resistance after Failure of 6 Month First-line Therapy in a Hospital: A Case Series.
Abstract: The common NRTI mutations were M184VI and K65R, while NNRTI mutations were Y181CFGVY, K103N, A98AG, E138GQ and G190AGS.
HIV-1 subtype diversity, drug resistance, and genetic transmission networks in men who have sex with men with virologic failure in antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan, China, 2011 to 2017.
Abstract: The most common drug resistance-associated mutations in protease inhibitors (PIs), NRTIs and NNRTIs were K20I/R, M184V/I and K103N/KN, respectively.
Result: K103N/KN (155/372,
Discussion: We observed that K103N/KN, V106M/MA/MV, G190A/AG/S, and Y188L/C are the major NNRTI-related mutations in China and other countries, which may be the result of the wide-spread use of NNRTIs.
Molecular Genetics and the Incidence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Pre-Treatment HIV-1 Infected Patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Result: K103N (5.8%) comprised of the majority of NNRTI TDRMs.
Discussion: Atripla was commonly prescribed since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006, and its widespread use likely led to the preeminence of NNRTI TDR (K103N in particular).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
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