Result: K101P was above the CI for Portugal and not for DE and V106I below the CI for DE but not Portugal.
Result: Highest transmission ratios were observed for N83D (0.165), N88D/S (0.134) and D30N (0.130) for protease inhibitors; T215Rev (0.727) (for T215Y/F was 0.029) and V75A/M/S/T (0.120) for NRTIs; and K101E/P (0.092) and G190A/E/S (0.091) for NNRTIs (Table 1).
Discussion: We show here that D30N, N88D/S and L90
Development of Nevirapine Resistance in Children Exposed to the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Programme in Maputo, Mozambique.
Method: A NVP RAM was considered if at least one of the following genetic changes in reverse transcriptase was detected: A98G, K101E, K101H, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y181C, Y181V, Y188L and G190A.
Result: There were also multiple occurrences of V108I (n = 6), A98G (n = 6), K101E (n = 4), V106A (n = 4), K101P (n = 1).
Impact of drug resistance-associated amino acid changes in HIV-1 subtype C on susceptibility to newer nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 25421485
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The amino acid substitutions E138Q/R, Y181I/V, and M230L conferred high-level resistance to ETR, while K101P and Y181I/V conferred high-level resistance to RPV.
Archived HIV-1 DNA resistance mutations to rilpivirine and etravirine in successfully treated HIV-1-infected individuals pre-exposed to efavirenz or nevirapine.
PMID: 25344807
2015
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Rilpivirine RAMs were detected in 41 (32%) individuals, with highest frequency for the mutations Y181C/I/V (18%), K101E/P (7%) and E138A/G/K/Q/R/S (6%) and the association L100I+K103N/S (5%).
2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Discussion: K101P and Y181I/V reduce rilpivirine susceptibility about 50-fold and 15-fold, respectively, but are uncommonly observed in patients receiving rilpivirine.
Discussion: Fifteen mutations have been associated with decreased rilpivirine susceptibility (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L).
Discussion: The single mutations L100I*, K101P*, and Y181C*/I*/V* reduce clinical utility.
Initiation of rilpivirine, tenofovir and emtricitabine (RPV/TDF/FTC) regimen in 363 patients with virological vigilance assessment in 'real life'.
PMID: 25114163
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Five genotypes were determined during the follow-up, revealing three rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations: E138Q/Y181I, M230L and K101P (potentially with a K101Q intermediate).
Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Discussion: L100I, K101P, P225H, F227L, M230L, and K238T are secondary mutations that usually occur in combination with one of the primary NNRTI resistance mutations.
E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings.
Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.
Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.
PMID: 24746180
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the
Prevalence in the USA of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations in clinical samples and effects on phenotypic susceptibility to rilpivirine and etravirine.
Abstract: METHODS: In total, 15,991 samples submitted to Monogram Biosciences (South San Francisco, CA, USA) for routine resistance testing between January 2010 and June 2011 were assessed for the presence of known rilpivirine RAMs K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Abstract: Median FC values >2.0 were observed for clinical isolates with rilpivirine RAMs K101P, E138Q/R, Y181C/I/V, Y188L or M230L, and for the combination of E138K with M184I/V, and K101E with M184I.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
AIDS (London, England)
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