HIV mutation literature information.


  Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2010.
 PMID: 21245516       2010       Topics in HIV medicine
Abstract: For etravirine, L100I*, K101P*, and Y181C*/I*/V* are denoted with asterisks (instead of bolded) to reflect that these individual mutations each have the greatest impact (ie, highest weighting scores) on reduced phenotypic susceptibility and impaired clinical response when compared with other etravirine mutations (Haddad M et al, CROI, 2010; Abstract 574).


  Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 19734799       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, V179F, Y188C/H/L,
Method: Etravirine-resistance mutations were defined as mutations associated in the DUET studies with a decreased virological response to etravirine: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L.


  Prevalence of etravirine mutations and impact on response to treatment in routine clinical care: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).
 PMID: 19732174       2009       HIV medicine
Abstract: The presence of major IAS-USA mutations (L100I, K101E/H/P and Y181C/I/V) reduced the treatment response at week 24.


  Virological efficacy and emergence of drug resistance in adults on antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania.
 PMID: 19583845       2009       BMC infectious diseases
Table: K101P


  In utero HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of nevirapine resistance in ugandan infants who were exposed to perinatal single dose nevirapine.
 PMID: 19552593       2009       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Table: K101E/P


  Additional HIV-1 mutation patterns associated with reduced phenotypic susceptibility to etravirine in clinical samples.
 PMID: 19474648       2009       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Etravirine phenotypic fold changes were 380-1400 for K101P + E138A/G/Q + K103N/S/T + V179I and 12-130 for K101P + (K103S +/- V179I) in the absence of E138A/G/Q.
Abstract: We investigated the phenotypic impact of a number of uncommon amino acid substitutions at HIV-1 reverse transcriptase positions 103 and 138, which are not part of the etravirine resistance score and were found in combination with the high-impact mutation K101P.


  Prediction of the virological response to etravirine in clinical practice: Comparison of three genotype algorithms.
 PMID: 19235860       2009       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: Most of the discordance was due to the differential weights attributed to Y181C/V, L100I, and K101P in the two weighted algorithms.


  Nevirapine resistance and breast-milk HIV transmission: effects of single and extended-dose nevirapine prophylaxis in subtype C HIV-infected infants.
 PMID: 19119321       2009       PloS one
Method: NVP-R was defined by mutations present at the following amino acid sites: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H, or G190A/S/E based on recommendations from International AIDS Society-USA Drug Resistance Mutations and Stanford University drug-resistance database.


  Etravirine: a second-generation NNRTI for treatment-experienced adults with resistant HIV-1 infection.
 PMID: 19881888       2008       Future HIV therapy
Conclusion: Etravirine RAMs include V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181
Introduction: A total of 13 mutations were initially identified as etravirine RAMs, including V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/P, V106I, V179D/F, Y181C/I/V and G190A/S (Table 5).
Introduction: The mutations with the highest weights were Y181I and Y181V, followed by L100I, K101P, Y181C and M230L (Table 5).


  Evaluating the role of etravirine in the second-line antiretroviral therapy after failing an initial non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen in a resource-limited setting.
 PMID: 18855659       2008       Current HIV research
Abstract: We focused on etravirine-RAMs previously described: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/P, V106I, V179D/F, Y181C/I/V, and G190A/S.



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