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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
 PMID: 23199801       2012       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.


  Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.
 PMID: 22729198       2012       The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance.


  Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
 PMID: 22132100       2011       PloS one
Method: The only additions to this list since that time are K101H, E138A, and M230L, all etravirine-associated changes and K101P associated with resistance to NVP, EFV and etravirine.


  Predicted susceptibility of etravirine in HIV patients experiencing virological failure secondary to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in Argentina.
 PMID: 21592625       2011       Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: ETR-RAMs were defined as V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L, and were analyzed according to the weighted mutation score to predict susceptibility (Vingerhoets 2008).


  Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
 PMID: 20462946       2010       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Twenty-nine pairs of NNRTI-selected mutations covaried significantly, including Y181C with seven other mutations (A98G, K101E/H, V108I, G190A/S and H221Y), L100I with K103N, and K101P with K103S.
Result: The 57 clusters could be characterized as follows: (i) 3 clusters of five mutations: A98G/K101E/V108I/Y181C/G190A, K101E
Table: K101H


  Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 19734799       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Etravirine-resistance mutations were defined as mutations associated in the DUET studies with a decreased virological response to etravirine: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L.
Table: K101E/H


  Prevalence of etravirine mutations and impact on response to treatment in routine clinical care: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).
 PMID: 19732174       2009       HIV medicine
Abstract: The presence of major IAS-USA mutations (L100I, K101E/H/P and Y181C/I/V) reduced the treatment response at week 24.


  Etravirine: a second-generation NNRTI for treatment-experienced adults with resistant HIV-1 infection.
 PMID: 19881888       2008       Future HIV therapy
Conclusion: Etravirine RAMs include V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S and M230L.
Introduction: More recently, further statistical analysis of the pooled 24-week DUET data expanded the original list of 13 etravirine RAMs to 17 with the addition of K101H, E138A, V179T and M23L (Table 5).
Table: K101H


  Phenotypic impact of resistance mutations on etravirine susceptibility in HIV patients with prior failure to nonnucleoside analogues.
 PMID: 18981781       2008       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Two novel changes, K101H and E399D, significantly diminished etravirine susceptibility.


  HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation.
 PMID: 17500586       2007       PLoS computational biology
Method: NNRTI-selected mutations included A98G, L100I, K101E/P/N/H, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, V179D/E, Y181C/I/V, Y188L/C/H, G190A/S/E/Q, P225H, F227L, M230L, P236L, and K238T.



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