HIV-1 Gag mutations alone are sufficient to reduce darunavir susceptibility during virological failure to boosted PI therapy.
PMID: 32556165
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Table: I93L
HIV Viral Rebound Due to a Possible Drug-Drug Interaction between Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Calcium-Containing Products: Report of 2 Cases.
PMID: 30798679
2019
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
Conclusion: The HIV genotype at this time reported the RT gene mutations M184V and L100L/F, conferring resistance to emtricitabine and lamivudine, and protease gene mutations L10V, M36I/M, K43R, L63P,
Conclusion: The genotype at this time demonstrated no reverse transcriptase (RT) gene mutations, but the following protease gene mutations: L10V, M36I, L63P, H69H/Y, A71T/A, and I93L.
Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.
Result: However, in the majority of the patients at all time points, several secondary mutations that may facilitate the development of PI resistance were found at higher frequency which could be naturally occurring minor mutations/polymorphic changes (positions M36I, R41K, H69K, L89M, and I93L) but their clinical significance is uncertain.
Polymorphisms and Mutational Covariation Associated with Death in a Prospective Cohort of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Long-Term ART in China.
Abstract: Among them, 7 polymorphisms (L74I, K103N, V106A, Y181C, G190A, T215I and P225H) were known to be drug resistance mutations, 7 polymorphisms (E6D, E35D, S37N, I93L, E169D, T200V and T200E were considered to be potential drug resistance mutations, and 6 polymorphisms (T39A, K43E, S68N, Q197K, T200V and E22
Unique Flap Conformation in an HIV-1 Protease with High-Level Darunavir Resistance.
Abstract: Distal mutations A71V, L90M and I93L propagate alterations to the catalytic site of PRS17.
Result: A71V, L90M and I93L distal mutations likely propagate alterations to the catalytic site thereby inducing cross resistance to different inhibitors.
Result: I93L in
Result: Distal mutations A71V, L90M and I93L perturb the catalytic aspartates.
Result: However, His69 of PR20/DRV retains the ion pair with the carboxylate terminus as in PR/DRV due to absence of I93L mutation.
Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral-Naive Injection Drug Users with Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Iran.
Characterization of HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy from a tertiary referral center in Lusaka, Zambia.
Discussion: A prior study of antiretroviral drug-nave HIV-1-infected Zambian adults (n=28) demonstrated a high frequency of pre-existing minor mutations in the protease gene:including I93L (92%), L89M (79%), and M36I (79%):which corroborates results from our current study (Handema et al., 2003).
Mutations in the reverse transcriptase and protease genes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 from antiretroviral naive and treated pediatric patients.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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