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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Functional correlation between a novel amino acid insertion at codon 19 in the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and polymorphism in the p1/p6 Gag cleavage site in drug resistance and replication fitness.
 PMID: 16731952       2006       Journal of virology
Abstract: Population-based sequence analysis revealed the presence of a variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) containing an insertion of amino acid Ile in the protease gene at codon 19 (19I) and amino acid substitutions in the protease at codons 21 (E21D) and 22 (A22V) along with multiple mutations associated with drug resistance, M46I/P63L/A71V/I84V/I93L, in a patient who had failed protease inhibitor (PI) therapy.
Abstract: To characterize the role of these mutations in drug susceptibility and replication capacity, a chimeric HIV-1 strain containing the 19I/E21D


  A Comparative Insight into Amprenavir Resistance of Mutations V32I, G48V, I50V, I54V, and I84V in HIV-1 Protease Based on Thermodynamic Integration and MM-PBSA Methods.
 PMID: 16784458       2006       Chemical biology & drug design
Abstract: The compounds were evaluated by docking them against 700 different conformations of the V82F/I84V mutant.
Abstract: The control cases used AutoDock3.0.5 to dock a fully flexible version of the prospective drug JE-2147 (aka SM-319777 or KNI-764) to large ensembles of conformations extracted from conventional, all atom, explicitly solvated molecular dynamic simulations of the wild type, and the V82F/I84V drug-resistant mutant of HIV-1 protease.


  High HIV type 1 subtype diversity and few drug resistance mutations among seropositive people detected during the 2005 second generation HIV surveillance in Madagascar.
 PMID: 16796535       2006       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: According to the ANRS September 2005 DRM list and algorithm, no DRM was detected in the reverse transcriptase and only one strain bore three major DRM in the protease M46I, I84V, and L90M leading to resistance to indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, and possibly lopinavir.


  Temporal characterization of drug resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase in patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 16841549       2006       The new microbiologica
Abstract: From 1999 to 2003, resistance-mutations to drugs with high genetic-barrier significantly decreased (L90M/V82A/M46I/I54V/G73S/I84V/G48V for PIs; M41L/D67N/L210W/V1181 for NRTIs, p < 0.05), while mutations to drugs with low genetic-barrier increased (D30N in protease, M184V/K103N/V108I in reverse transcriptase, p < 0.05).


  Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Beira, Mozambique.
 PMID: 16849040       2006       Microbes and infection
Abstract: Analysis of the predicted protease sequences enabled us to detect a single primary mutation (I84V, n=1) associated with resistance to protease inhibitors (PI), while secondary mutations were highly prevalent, some of them in combinations which may confer PI resistance.


  HIV-2 Protease resistance defined in yeast cells.
 PMID: 16956392       2006       Retrovirology
Introduction: Nevertheless, the few reported data establish that i) the natural nucleotide polymorphism of the HIV-2 Protease includes amino acid substitutions that are associated with drug resistance in HIV-1, and ii) comparison between the Protease sequences of treated and untreated HIV-2 infected individuals reveals a number of mutations under some PI-selective pressure such as K7R, V20I/A, I36V, V46I, I54L/M, V62A/T, V71L, I82F, I84V/L, 90LM, and L99F.


  HIV-1 protease mutations and inhibitor modifications monitored on a series of complexes. Structural basis for the effect of the A71V mutation on the active site.
 PMID: 16970402       2006       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract: Comparison of eight structures exploring the binding of four similar inhibitors--SE, SQ (S-hydroxyethylamine isostere), OE (ethyleneamine), and QF34 (hydroxyethylene)--to wild-type and A71V/V82T/I84V HIV-1 protease elucidates the principles of altered interaction with changing conditions.
Abstract: Two new X-ray structures of an HIV-1 protease mutant (A71V, V82T, I84V) in complex with inhibitors SE and SQ, pseudotetrapeptide inhibitors with an acyclic S-hydroxyethylamine isostere, were determined.


  Molecular dynamic and free energy studies of primary resistance mutations in HIV-1 protease-ritonavir complexes.
 PMID: 16995739       2006       Journal of chemical information and modeling
Abstract: To understand the basis of drug resistance of the HIV-1 protease, molecular dynamic (MD) and free energy calculations of the wild-type and three primary resistance mutants, V82F, I84V, and V82F/I84V, of HIV-1 protease complexed with ritonavir were carried out.


  N88D facilitates the co-occurrence of D30N and L90M and the development of multidrug resistance in HIV type 1 protease following nelfinavir treatment failure.
 PMID: 17209774       2006       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: In 16 patients having isolates with more than one combination of mutations at positions 30, 88, and 90, all exhibited one of the steps in the following progression: D30N-->D30N+N88D-->D30N+N88D+L90M-->D30N+N88D+L90M+(L33F+/-I84V or M46I/L+/-I54V).


  Compensatory mutations at the HIV cleavage sites p7/p1 and p1/p6-gag in therapy-naive and therapy-experienced patients.
 PMID: 17302250       2006       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Mutagenetic trees constructed form this cross-sectional data showed an ordered accumulation of the most prominent CS mutations along two pathways L90M-I84V-P453L and I54-V82-A431V followed by either M46L or L24I.
Abstract: The analysis of CS and PR mutations in therapy-experienced viruses revealed several positive correlations--A431V with L24I-M46I/L-I54V-V82A; I437V with I54V-V82F/T/S; L449V with



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