literature

Detection of Gag C-terminal mutations among HIV-1 non-B subtypes in a subset of Cameroonian patients.

PMID: 35082353 2022 Scientific reports

Introduction: Following the Stanford algorithm (mutation list), minor resistance mutations (L10F, V11I, K20TV, L23I, L33F, K43T, F53L, Q58E, A71IL, G73STCA, T74P, N83D, and L89V) are assumed to have ancillary roles such as compensation for lower efficiency of proteolysis caused by major mutations; major resistance mutations (V32I, M46IL, I47VA, G48VM,

PMID: 34802406 2022 Current HIV research

Abstract: M41L, L74I, K65R, M184V, and M184I related to NRTI, K103N to NNRTI, and N83D, M46I, I84V, V82A, L24I, L90M, I54V to the PI sites were identified using NGS.

Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study.

PMID: 34694878 2022 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Table: I54I/V

Table: I54V

Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.

PMID: 34584606 2021 The Pan African medical journal

Result: Most of the new mutations also encoded for resistance to prescribed drugs and these included L74I/V, T69D, V65R as NRTIs; A98G, V179E/F/D/F as NNRTs and I54V, F53L, L89T, G48A, K20T as PIs.

Table: I54V

Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.

PMID: 33805099 2021 Biomolecules

Abstract: The HIV-1 protease variants were from clinical isolates with a combination of drug resistance mutations; MUT-1 (M46I, I54V, V82A, and L10F), MUT-2 (M46I, I54V, L76V, V82A, L10F, and L33F), and MUT-3 (M46I, I54V, L76V, V82A, L90M, and F53L).

Introduction: Research has shown that the most reported major HIV-1 PI resistance mutations in patients failing second-line the

Low Frequency of Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations Among Therapy-Naive HIV Patients in Southeast China.

PMID: 33679129 2021 Drug design, development and therapy

Abstract: Two individuals harbored PIs-resistance mutations: Q58E in one patient and M46I, I54V, V82A, L10F, and Q58E mutations in another patient.

Result: Two patients harbored PIs-resistance mutations: Q58E mutation in one patient, 3 major mutations (M46I, I54V, V82A) and 2 accessory mutations (L10F, Q58E) in another individual (Table 2).

Table: I54V

HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.

PMID: 33668946 2021 Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

Result: Other PI-related mutations such as L10F, I47V, I50V, F53L, I54VT and N83D have the mutation frequency of about 2%.

Result: Within a year, some minority DRMs at frequencies 1%-10% remained unchanged, including: PI-related D30N, M46LI, I54VT and N88D, NRTI-related K65R and NNRTI-related Y188CHL.

A synergy of activity, stability, and inhibitor-interaction of HIV-1 protease mutants evolved under drug-pressure.

PMID: 33314454 2021 Protein science

Abstract: A clinically-relevant, drug-resistant mutant of HIV-1 protease (PR), termed Flap+(I54V) and containing L10I, G48V, I54V and V82A mutations, is known to produce significant changes in the entropy and enthalpy balance of drug-PR interactions, compared to wild-type PR.

Abstract: A similar mutant, Flap+(I54A) , which evolves from Flap+(I54V) and contains the single change at residue 54 relative to Flap+(I54V) , does not.

Abstract: To understand the molecular basis of V54A evolution, we compared nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spe

Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil.

PMID: 34069929 2021 International journal of molecular sciences

Result: SDRM in PR were found in 5021 (24.82%) sequences and the more frequent were V82A (9.99%, n = 2021), M46I (9.58%, n = 1938), and I54V (8.50%, n = 1719).

Result: The SDRM with most similar prevalence when comparing both groups were M46I, V82A, L90M and I54V.

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil.

PMID: 34212033 2021 BioMed research international

Result: Only half of the individuals had used PI (n = 46/82), only 17% of individuals presented DRMs associated with protease inhibitors (n = 14), and the most frequent mutations were V82A/L/M (6/82; 7.3%) and I54L/M/V (5/82; 6%), L90M (4/82; 4.8%), and M46L/I (4/82; 4.8%) (Figure 1).