literature

Detection of Gag C-terminal mutations among HIV-1 non-B subtypes in a subset of Cameroonian patients.

PMID: 35082353 2022 Scientific reports

Introduction: Following the Stanford algorithm (mutation list), minor resistance mutations (L10F, V11I, K20TV, L23I, L33F, K43T, F53L, Q58E, A71IL, G73STCA, T74P, N83D, and L89V) are assumed to have ancillary roles such as compensation for lower efficiency of proteolysis caused by major mutations; major resistance mutations (V32I, M46IL, I47VA, G48VM,

PMID: 34897227 2022 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Table: I54M/L

Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.

PMID: 34622871 2021 Medicine

Result: There were no other mutations at L76 V, I47 V, I50 V, I54 M/L, or I84 V.

Increase in HIV-1-transmitted drug resistance among ART-naive youths at the China-Myanmar border during 2009 ~ 2017.

PMID: 33478415 2021 BMC infectious diseases

Result: Only three youths carried TDRMs associated with PI resistance, and the I54M site caused broad resistance to PI drugs.

Table: I54M

Discussion: Although the prevalence of TDR to PIs (0.44%) was significantly lower than the prevalence of TDR to NNRTIs/NRTIs, the I54M mutation caused universal resistance to PI drugs.

Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.

PMID: 33805099 2021 Biomolecules

Introduction: The major HIV-1 PI resistance mutations that affect the efficacy of boosted LPV regimen are V32I, L33F, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50V, I54V/T/A/L/M, L76V, V82A/F/T/S, I84V.

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil.

PMID: 34212033 2021 BioMed research international

Result: Only half of the individuals had used PI (n = 46/82), only 17% of individuals presented DRMs associated with protease inhibitors (n = 14), and the most frequent mutations were V82A/L/M (6/82; 7.3%) and I54L/M/V (5/82; 6%), L90M (4/82; 4.8%), and M46L/I (4/82; 4.8%) (Figure 1).

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Transmitted Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among Newly Diagnosed People Living With HIV/AIDS in a Minority Area, China.

PMID: 34708015 2021 Frontiers in public health

Result: Q58E/QE (0.91%) was the major prevalent PI-associated mutation, followed by I54M (0.23%).

Result: Besides, 37.38% (40/107) of individuals carrying TDR were involved in the network, and K103N (42.5%, 17/40) was the most frequent TDR-associated mutation, followed by E138A (15%, 6/40), I54M (7.5%, 3/40), and Q58E (7.5%, 3/40).

Multiple Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free-Energy Predictions Uncover the Susceptibility of Variants of HIV-1 Protease against Inhibitors Darunavir and KNI-1657.

PMID: 34851643 2021 Langmuir

Abstract: Focused on the complexes of wild type (WT) PR and two mutant PRs (V32I/L33F/I54M/V82I and V32I/L33F/I54M/I84 V) with inhibitors Darunavir (DRV) and KNI-1657 (KNI), respectively, we have conducted research on the conformational dynamics and the resistance mechanism caused by residue mutations through multiple molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with an energy (MM-PBSA and solvated interaction energy (SIE)) prediction.

In vivo drug resistance mutation dynamics from the early to chronic stage of infection in antiretroviral-therapy-naive HIV-infected men who have sex with men.

PMID: 32978684 2020 Archives of virology

Abstract: Four individuals exhibited additional DRMs (M46I/L; I47A; I54M, L100V) as HIV minority populations (abundance, 2-20%) that emerged during the chronic stage but ephemerally.

Expanded Spectrum of Antiretroviral-Selected Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2.

PMID: 31965175 2020 The Journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: In PR, 12 nonpolymorphic TSMs occurred in >=11 persons: V33I, K45R, V47A, I50V, I54M, T56V, V62A, A73G, I82F, I84V, F85L, L90M.