literature

Distinct resistance mutation and polymorphism acquisition in HIV-1 protease of subtypes B and F1 from children and adult patients under virological failure.

PMID: 18992847 2009 Infection, genetics and evolution

Method: Mutations L10F/I/R/V, K20M/R, L24I, L33F, M36I, F53L, I54V/L/A/M/T/S, L63P, A71V/T, G73C/S/T/A, V77I and N88D/S were considered as minor resistance mutations and were also analyzed separately and together as a group.

Discussion: The mutations L10F/R, K20I, V32I, I47V/A, I50L/V,

PMID: 19209258 2008 Therapeutics and clinical risk management

Abstract: Darunavir resistance-associated mutations have been defined as V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L/M, G73S, L76V, I84V, and L89V.

Factors associated with the selection of mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) in PI-experienced patients displaying treatment failure on darunavir.

PMID: 18039922 2008 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: The most common mutations that emerged at rebound included V32I (44%), I54M/L (24%), L33F (25%), I84V (21%), and L89V (12%).

Clinically validated mutation scores for HIV-1 resistance to fosamprenavir/ritonavir.

PMID: 18390885 2008 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: Two fosamprenavir/ritonavir mutation scores were constructed: score A (L10F/I/V + L33F + M36I + I54L/M/V/A/T/S + I62V + V82A/F/C/G + I84V + L90M) was based only on mutations associated with a worse VR, whereas score B (L10FIV + L33F + M36I + I54L/M/V/A/T/S + A71V - V77I - N88S + L90M) also took into account favourable mutations.

Effect of flap mutations on structure of HIV-1 protease and inhibition by saquinavir and darunavir.

PMID: 18597780 2008 Journal of molecular biology

Introduction: Mutations I54M and I54L are frequent in clinical isolates resistant to darunavir.

Pattern and impact of emerging resistance mutations in treatment experienced patients failing darunavir-containing regimen.

PMID: 18690163 2008 AIDS (London, England)

Abstract: Emergence of DRV-associated-resistance mutations was observed in 72% (18/25) of patients, at codons L89I/M/V (32%), V32I (28%), V11I (20%), I47V/A (20%), I54L/M (20%), L33F/I (16%) and I50V (16%).

Genotypic resistance analysis of the virological response to fosamprenavir-ritonavir in protease inhibitor-experienced patients in CONTEXT and TRIAD clinical trials.

PMID: 18852278 2008 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: The JT procedure led to selecting the CONTEXT/TRIAD genotypic set of mutations, I15V, M46I/L, I54L/M/V, D60E, L63P/T, and I84V, as providing the strongest association with the VR (P = 1.45 x 10(-11)).

Prevalence of darunavir resistance mutations in HIV-1-infected patients failing other protease inhibitors.

PMID: 17646201 2007 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: For minor darunavir resistance mutations, the rates were V11I 3.3%, V32I 3.9%, L33F 11%, I47V 2.1%, I54L 2.3%, G73S 12.8% and L89V 2.4%.

HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation.

PMID: 17500586 2007 PLoS computational biology

Abstract: Different patterns of covariation were frequently observed for different mutations at the same position including the RT mutations T69D versus T69N, L74V versus L74I, V75I versus V75M, T215F versus T215Y, and K219Q/E versus K219N/R, and the protease mutations M46I versus M46L, I54V versus I54M/L, and N88D versus N88S.

Method:

Interpretation of genotype and pharmacokinetics for resistance to fosamprenavir-ritonavir-based regimens in antiretroviral-experienced patients.

PMID: 17296739 2007 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: The Zephir mutation score included 12 IAS protease mutations associated with poorer virological response: L10I/F/R/V, L33F, M36I, M46I/L, I54L/M/T/V, I62V, L63P, A71I/L/V/T, G73A/C/F/T, V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M, and polymorphism mutations I13V, L19I, K55R, and L89M.