Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.
PMID: 27231099
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: H221Y
Usefulness of an HIV DNA resistance genotypic test in patients who are candidates for a switch to the rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combination.
PMID: 27231280
2016
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate RAMs studied were K65R, L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/R/Q, V179L, Y181C/I/V, M184V/I, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L in the RT.
In vitro selection of HIV-1 CRF08_BC variants resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 25482475
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Initial mutations, in combination with other previously reported substitutions (K20R, D67N, V90I, K101R/E, V106I/A, V108I, F116L, E138R, A139V, V189I, G190A, D218E, E203K, H221Y, F227L, N348I, and T369I) or novel mutations (V8I, S134N, C162Y, L228I
A novel mutation, D404N, in the connection subdomain of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 CRF08_BC subtype confers cross-resistance to NNRTIs.
PMID: 25637519
2015
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Double mutations Y181C/D404N and Y181C/H221Y significantly reduced susceptibility to NNRTIs.
Abstract: RESULTS: Single mutations D404N and H221Y conferred low-level resistance to nevirapine, efavirenz, rilpivirine and zidovudine.
Abstract: The most pronounced resistance to NNRTIs was observed with the triple mutation Y181C/D404N/H221Y.
Predicted residual activity of rilpivirine in HIV-1 infected patients failing therapy including NNRTIs efavirenz or nevirapine.
PMID: 25704446
2015
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: Most prevalent RPV-RAMs after nevirapine experience were Y181C and H221Y, whereas L100I+K103N, Y188L and K101E occurred most in efavirenz-experienced patients.
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Characterization of two HIV-1 infectors during initial antiretroviral treatment, and the emergence of phenotypic resistance in reverse transcriptase-associated mutation patterns.
Result: H221Y did not affect the IC50 of three NRTIs (AZT, 3TC, and d4T).
Result: H221Y emerged with a low mutation percentage (19.20 %).
Result: And by the following visit, virus K103N/Y181C/H221Y was associated the same percentage.
Result: As shown in Table 1, virusT215Y/V179E/Y181C/H221Y, the recombined patient-derived HIV-1 RT fragment, did not exhibit a significant increase with respect to AZT resistance, but did exhibit higher levels of resistance to EFV (up to 5.57-fold).
Result: However, when H221Y was reversed (T215Y/
The case for addressing primary resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to treat children born from mothers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
PMID: 24439027
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: H221Y
Prevalence in the USA of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations in clinical samples and effects on phenotypic susceptibility to rilpivirine and etravirine.
Abstract: METHODS: In total, 15,991 samples submitted to Monogram Biosciences (South San Francisco, CA, USA) for routine resistance testing between January 2010 and June 2011 were assessed for the presence of known rilpivirine RAMs K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) RAMs K103N, L100I and L100I+K103N; and the
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT