Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: Analysis of pol sequences showed that 11 of these 32 subjects (34.3%) were infected with viruses harboring major DRMs, including major resistance mutations to NRTIs such as D67N, K70R, M184V, K219Q/E, T215F, and T69N; and major resistance mutations to NNRTIs such as Y181C, K103N, V106A/M, P225H, Y188L, H221Y, V108I, L100I (T
Table: H221Y
Sub-Epidemics Explain Localized High Prevalence of Reduced Susceptibility to Rilpivirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: Subtype and Geographic Compartmentalization of Baseline Resistance Mutations.
PMID: 26651266
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Method: Major RPV resistance-associated mutations (RPV-RAMs) were defined based on data from the clinical trials, phenotypic RPV resistance analyses, and package inserts: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L, and the mutational combination of L100I+K103N.
Systematic review to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations to rilpivirine in HIV-infected treatment-naive persons.
Clinical Outcomes of Virologically-Suppressed Patients with Pre-existing HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Switching to Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in the SPIRIT Study.
Abstract: Mutations potentially affecting RPV activity, including E138A/G/K/Q, Y181C, and H221Y, were detected in isolates from 11 patients by one or both assays.
The Antiviral Activity of Approved and Novel Drugs against HIV-1 Mutations Evaluated under the Consideration of Dose-Response Curve Slope.
Method: M46I, I54V, V82A, M46IN88S, G48VI54V, M46IV82TI84V, and G48VI54VV82A mutations were introduced into the PR coding region, and K103N, Y181C, K103NY181C, K101Q, K101QY181C, K101QH221Y, PMID: 27033350
2016
Current HIV research
Abstract: Predominant DRAMs at RT genes were M184V, T215Y, M41L and V108I and H221Y while at PR genes were M46I and I47V.
Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Major Drug Resistance Mutations in Reverse Transcriptase Gene for HIV-1 CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and Subtype B in China Using Sequenom MassARRAY(R) System.
Result: Overall, the top 10 most common NNRTI-RAMs found in this study were V90I, followed by A98G, K101E, K103N, V108I, Y181C, M184I, Y188L, G190A and H221Y (Fig 1; listed according to the most frequently detected mutation to the least).
Discussion: Moreover, in combination with other mutations such as V90I, V106I, V179F, G190ASCVT and H221Y, it can synergistically exacerbate the resistance of ETR and RPV.
Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants.
PMID: 27124362
2016
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Introduction: A partial list of NNRTI resistance mutations include: L100I, K103N, V106A, E138K, Y181C, Y188L, and H221Y; these mutations can occur singly, or in combinations.
Result: However, the resistant mutants K103N, Y181C, and H221Y showed modest decreases in susceptibility against DOR (ranging from 2-5 nM), and the K103N/Y181C double mutant exhibited a larger drop in susceptibility (11.3 +- 5.9 nM).
Result: We initially investigated the L100I, K103N
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
PloS one
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