HIV type 1 virological response and prevalence of HIV type 1 drug resistance among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, Shandong, China.
PMID: 22563717
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common mutations were thymidine-analog mutations (22.5%) and M184V (10%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and V106I/A /M (17.5%), Y181C (15%), and H221Y (12.5%) to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs); 13 patients had mutations to both NRTIs and NNRTIs.
Identification of drug resistant mutations in HIV-1 CRF07_BC variants selected by nevirapine in vitro.
Discussion: Y181C, K103N, G190A, H221Y, K101E, A98G, V108I, V106A, E138A, Y188L are the top ten most common mutations resistant to NVP in patients who received NVP treatment.
HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and first-line treatment failures in Djiboutian patients.
Discussion: The NNRTI resistance-conferring mutations included K103N (25%), Y188L (12.5%), Y181C (6%), G190A (6%), H221Y (6%), M230L (6%).
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: In two patients treated with NVP, viruses were found resistant to etravirine (ETV), the second generation NNRTI drug, due to the simultaneous presence of the Y181C and H221Y mutations.
Result: Major NNRTIs DRMs were also obtained at positions P225H (n=12), K101E (n=11), Y181C (n=10), G190A (n=7), Y188L (n=6), V90I (n=5), E138A/G (n=5), M230L (n=4), A98G (n=3), H221Y (n=3), L100I (n=3), V179D (n=2), and PMID: 21135184
2011
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The results show that ETR selected mutations at positions V90I, K101Q, E138K, V179D/E/F, Y181C, V189I, G190E, H221H/Y, and M230L and that E138K was the first of these to emerge in most instances.
Abstract: We identified K101Q, E138K, V179E, V189I, G190E, and H221Y as mutations not included among the 17 currently recognized resistance-associated mutations for ETR.
The evolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in route to acquisition of Q151M multi-drug resistance is complex and involves mutations in multiple domains.
Result: NNRTI minor mutations were also detected, specifically E138A (n=20), V179D (n=7), V90I (n=3) and A98G (n=1), as well as the NNRTI-associated polymorphisms K101Q/T (n=3), E138G/S (n=3), V179A (n=2), H221Y (n=2) and L234P (n=1).
High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.
PMID: 21663632
2011
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Importantly, eight patients were already predicted to be resistant to etravirine, the new NNRTI, either because they harboured the single Y181V mutation (n = 3) or due to the presence of both Y181C and H221Y mutations (n = 5).
Table: H221Y
TMC278, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1.
PMID: 19933797
2010
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: NNRTI RAMs emerging in HIV-1 under selective pressure from TMC278 included combinations of V90I, L100I, K101E, V106A/I, V108I, E138G/K/Q/R, V179F/I, Y181C/I, V189I, G190E, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L.
Resistance-associated mutations to etravirine (TMC-125) in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes.
PMID: 20008779
2010
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Three new mutation profiles (E138A and V179I, Y181C and H221Y, and V90I and Y181C) showing decreased ETR phenotypic susceptibility were identified.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
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