literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Identification of the critical sites of NNRTI-resistance in reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 CRF_BC strains.

PMID: 24743727 2014 PloS one

Abstract: K101Q, H221Y and T139K can enhance K103N/Y181C/G190A-assocated NNRTI-resistance.

Abstract: Result showed that eight polymorphic mutations (W88C, K101Q, I132L, R135L, T139K/R, H221Y and L228R) in RT for treatment-experienced patients were identified, while they, except for R135L, were completely absent in those from treatment-naive patients.

Abstract: The I132L and

Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.

PMID: 24746180 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) mutation list and variants potentially affecting RPV susceptibility (L100I, K101H/T, E138S, V179F/D/G/T, G190A/E/S, F227L and M230V) based on the

E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 24746459 2014 Antiviral research

Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.

High level of HIV-1 resistance in patients failing long-term first-line antiretroviral therapy in Mali.

PMID: 24855120 2014 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: The treatment duration, median number of NRTI and NNRTI mutations and some reverse transcriptase mutations (T215Y/F/N, L210W, L74I, M41L and H221Y) were associated with the VL at virological failure.

Impact of Y181C and/or H221Y mutation patterns of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on phenotypic resistance to available non-nucleoside and nucleoside inhibitors in China.

PMID: 24885612 2014 BMC infectious diseases

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of K101Q, Y181C and H221Y emerging in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with different mutations patterns in phenotypic susceptibility to currently available NNRTIs (nevirapine NVP, efavirenz EFV) and NRTIs (zidovudine AZT, lamivudine 3TC, stavudine d4T) in China.

Abstract: Certainly, the double mutation (K101Q/H221Y) also changes the susceptibility of viruses to NRTIs.

Abstract: Remarkably, K101Q/H221Y was hypersusceptible to EFV (FC = 0.04), but was significantly resistant to the three NRTIs

2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

PMID: 25101529 2014 Topics in antiviral medicine

Discussion: Fifteen mutations have been associated with decreased rilpivirine susceptibility (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L).

Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.

PMID: 25166019 2014 PloS one

Result: The Y181C/I (N = 5, 33.3%), A98S/G (n = 4, 27%), H221Y (n = 2, 13%) and P225H (N = 1, 7.5%) mutations were only seen in pre-treated patients.

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance-associated mutations and mutation co-variation in HIV-1 treatment-naive MSM from 2011 to 2013 in Beijing, China.

PMID: 25510523 2014 BMC infectious diseases

Discussion: In another study by our team, we had applied the CorMut algorithm to investigate the association between drug resistance and compensatory mutations, and demonstrated that K101Q, H221Y, and T139K can enhance K103N/Y181C/G190A-associated NNRTI-resistance among CRF07_BC in vitro.

Persistence of frequently transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 variants can be explained by high viral replication capacity.

PMID: 25575025 2014 Retrovirology

Table: H221Y

The development of drug resistance mutations K103N Y181C and G190A in long term Nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy.

PMID: 25926857 2014 AIDS research and therapy

Result: For example, in standard genotype sequencing dataset when receiving ART for 12 months Y181C, G190A and H221Y were positively correlated with K103N, but when receiving ART for over 60 months, Y181C and H221Y were positively correlated with K103N, while G190A was not.

Result: In NNRTI mutations besides K103N, Y181C and G190A themselves, H221Y was the most common NNRTI mutations associated with the three NNRTI mutations.

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