Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.
First case of Dolutegravir and Darunavir/r multi drug-resistant HIV-1 in Cameroon following exposure to Raltegravir: lessons and implications in the era of transition to Dolutegravir-based regimens.
PMID: 32843050
2020
Antimicrobial resistance and infection control
Abstract: The third GRT showed high-level resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, all PI and all INSTI, with additional mutations (H221HY for NNRTI and S147G for INSTI), and a CCR5-tropic virus with a slightly reduced FPR (57.0%).
Conclusion: Additional RAMs were H221HY for NNRTI and S147G for INSTI.
Trend of HIV transmitted drug resistance before and after implementation of HAART regimen restriction in the treatment of HIV-1 infected patients in southern Taiwan.
Result: For NNRTIs, the most prevalent drug resistance mutations were K103 N (1.59%), V179D + K103R (1.33%), Y181C (0.80%), V108I (0.53%), Y188L (0.53%), G190A (0.53%), H221Y (0.53%), Y318F (0.53%), A98G (0.27%), V106A (0.27%), E138A (0.27%), E138R (0.27%), Y188C (0.27%) and M230 L (0.27%).
Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V/I.
PMID: 31430369
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: Primary NNRTI-R substitutions were L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106M/A, V108I, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, G190A/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C and M230L/I in RT.
Result: NNRTI-R substitutions were observed in 23% (124/543) of participants; the most frequently detected substitutions w
Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs.
Introduction: Compound 13 is similar to RPV in terms of its therapeutic index and its antiretroviral efficacy against a panel of HIV-1 mutants containing RT mutations, including L100I, K103N, V106A, E138K, Y181C, Y188L, H221Y, and K103N/Y181C.
Development of the R263K Mutation to Dolutegravir in an HIV-1 Subtype D Virus Harboring 3 Class-Drug Resistance.
PMID: 30648124
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
Conclusion: At that time, resistance testing showed NRTI (M184V, T69D, T215S, D67N, K219Q), NNRTI (Y181C, Y188L, H221Y) and PI (L10I, D30N, K20T, L33F, K43T, N88D) resistance, with PI resistance to nelfinavir.
Table: H221Y
High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.
PMID: 30640198
2019
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Result: Twenty-nine (9.5%) of the children had additional NNRTI mutations (A98G, E138A/G/K/Q, H221Y, and M230L) that confer resistance to second generation NNRTI drugs etravirine and rilpivirine.
Rare occurrence of doravirine resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients.
PMID: 30476106
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The most prevalent mutations were V108I (n = 62; 0.6%), Y188L (n = 18; 0.2%), H221Y (n = 18; 0.2%) and Y318F (n = 23; 0.2%).
Abstract: We studied the prevalence of doravirine resistance-associated mutations previously identified in vitro: V106A/M, V108I, Y188L, V190S, H221Y, F227C/L/V, M230I/L, L234I, P236L, Y318F and K103N/Y181C.
Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.
PMID: 29084434
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Introduction: The most common mutations detected were Y181C, K103N, G190A, A98G, K101E, V108I, H221Y, M230L, and P225H.
Frequent cross-resistance to rilpivirine among subtype C HIV-1 from first-line antiretroviral therapy failures in South Africa.
Method: Plasma samples contained a median of 3 [Q1-Q3: 2-4] NNRTI-associated drug resistance mutations which included A98G, L100I, K101E/H, K103N/S, V106M, V108I, E138A/K, V179D/E Y181C, Y188L/C, G190A, H221Y, P225H, F227L, and M230L.
Figure: FC resistance was evaluated based on the contribution of the number of RPV-associated mutations (L100I,
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
PloS one
