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 HIV mutation literature information.


  HIV-1 primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance and genetic diversity among pregnant women from central Brazil.
 PMID: 20087934       2010       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: Naive patients had accessory mutations in the PR gene [A71T (1/6), L10V (2/6), L10I (3/6)] and in the RT gene [V118I (2/6), V179D (1/6), V106I (1/6), K101Q (1/6), H221Y (1/6)].


  Suboptimal etravirine activity is common during failure of nevirapine-based combination antiretroviral therapy in a cohort infected with non-B subtype HIV-1.
 PMID: 20163340       2010       Current HIV research
Abstract: The most common etravirine resistance associated mutations were Y181C (42.9%), G190A (25.3%), H221Y (19.8%), A98G (18.7%), K101E (16.5%), and V90I (12.1%).


  Drug-resistant mutation patterns in CRF01_AE cases that failed d4T+3TC+nevirapine fixed-dosed, combination treatment: Follow-up study from the Lampang cohort.
 PMID: 20382184       2010       Antiviral research
Abstract: The GPOvir-failure cases had not only known stavudine-, lamivudine- and nevirapine-resistant mutations, but also V118I, G196E, and H221Y.


  Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
 PMID: 20462946       2010       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Twenty-nine pairs of NNRTI-selected mutations covaried significantly, including Y181C with seven other mutations (A98G, K101E/H, V108I, G190A/S and H221Y), L100I with K103N, and K101P with K103S.
Method: These mutations included: (i) 46 non-polymorphic NNRTI-selected mutations at 28 positions (I94L, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/N/P, K102N,  PMID: 20805392       2010       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Y181C was the dominant mutation in the resistance selection with etravirine (ETV) in subtype A, and E138K/H221Y were the mutations detected in the breakthrough viruses from subtype C viruses with ETV.


  Compilation and prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 19320243       2009       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: These included V90I, A98G, L100I, K1O1E/P/Q, K103H/N/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T and Y318F


  Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of non-B HIV type 1 clinical isolates from naive and treated subjects.
 PMID: 19549585       2009       Antiviral research
Abstract: Two unusual PR (K14R and I66F) and five RT positions (E28K, S68G, H221Y, L228R/H and P294A) were also associated with treatment (p<0.01).


  Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 19734799       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: The accessory NNRTI-resistance mutations P225H (n=3), V108I (n=1), A98G (n=1), and H221Y (n=1) were detected in six of the samples.
Table: H221Y


  Identification of a novel resistance (E40F) and compensatory (K43E) substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 18271957       2008       Retrovirology
Introduction: These mutations include the K20R, V35M, T39A, E40F, K43E/Q/N, A98G, K122E, G196E, E203K/D, H208Y, D218E, H221Y, K223E/Q and L228H/R changes.


  Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection.
 PMID: 17417971       2007       Retrovirology
Table: H221Y



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