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 HIV mutation literature information.


  In vitro generation of HIV type 1 subtype C isolates resistant to enfuvirtide.
 PMID: 16218801       2005       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: All subtype C isolates showed evidence of genotypic changes in gp41 HR-1 following exposure to ENF that included G36S/E/D, I37T, V38M/A/L/E, N/S42D, N43K, L45R/M, and A50T/V.


  Amino acid 36 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 ectodomain controls fusogenic activity: implications for the molecular mechanism of viral escape from a fusion inhibitor.
 PMID: 15857986       2005       Journal of virology
Abstract: The mutation 36G-->D in a primary-isolate-derived Env decreased syncytium-forming activity and infectivity.


  Natural resistance-associated mutations to Enfuvirtide (T20) and polymorphisms in the gp41 region of different HIV-1 genetic forms from T20 naive patients.
 PMID: 15722032       2005       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: We analyzed the resistance-associated mutations previously described: Q32H/R, G36D/S, I37V, V38A/M, Q39R/H, Q40H, N42T/D/Q/H, N43D/S/K/Q, L44M, L45M, R46M and V69I.


  Evolution of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to Enfuvirtide in HIV-infected patients experiencing prolonged virologic failure.
 PMID: 15258964       2004       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: Mutations within the HR1 env region were selected (N43D in three and G36V/D in one), resulting in high-level phenotypic resistance to ENF.


  Emergence of resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients receiving fusion inhibitor (T-20) monotherapy.
 PMID: 12019106       2002       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Envs with double mutations (Q32R plus G36D and Q32H plus G36D) exhibited a level of resistance similar to that of G36D alone.
Abstract: In 5 of the 49 env clones, other mutations involving residues 32 (Q32R or Q32H) and 39 (Q39R) were found in combination with G36D.
Abstract: Sequence analysis of 49 clones derived from the plasma of patient 30-1 on day 14 revealed that 25 clones contained the G36D mutation, while 8 contained the V38A mutation.



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