Introduction: The G190A/S mutation was considered a common polymorphism in Israeli C subtype patients, but not in Indian C subtype individuals.
Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PMID: 24093951
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,
Resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 21990611
2012
Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill.
Abstract: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-mutations were detected in 63.6% of sequences, of which Y181C/I (47.6%), K103N (33.3%) and G190S (28.6%) are the most common.
Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Discussion: For example, Yap et al reported that failure of AZT and nevirapine therapy was associated with the emergence of N348I, TAMs, and the non-nucleoside RT inhibitor resistance mutations K103N, V108I, Y181C/I and G190A/S.
Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.
Introduction: There are four types of NNRTIs-resistant mutations: (1) Primary mutation: these mutations emerge earliest during therapy and cause high-level resistance to one or more NNRTIs, including K103N/S, Y181C/I/V, V106A/M, Y188L/C/H, and G190A/S/E.
Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among individuals infected with HIV in Georgia.
Abstract: With regard to NNRTI mutations, G190S/A was the most frequent mutation, which might be a preferred mutations for subtype A.
Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.
PMID: 22592583
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
4Method: ARV resistance was defined by mutations at the following positions: M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, T69ins, K70R, L74VI, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184VI, T210W, T215YF and K219QE for Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), L100I, K101EP, K103NS, V106AM
Identification of drug resistant mutations in HIV-1 CRF07_BC variants selected by nevirapine in vitro.
Discussion: Thus far, about 32 NVP-resistance associated mutations in 17 positions, including 15 major NVP-resistant mutations at 5 positions (K103NST, V106AM, Y181CIV, Y188LHC, G190ASEQ), have been summarized in HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
BMC infectious diseases
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