Result: In NNRTI coding regions, K103 N was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 15.9% (34/214), followed by Y181C (11.7%, 25/214), G190A (5.1%, 11/214), and G190S (3.7%, 8/214).
Table: G190A/S
Table: G190S
Polymorphisms and Mutational Covariation Associated with Death in a Prospective Cohort of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Long-Term ART in China.
Result: For example, M41L and D67N had 16 (D218E, E44A, G190S, G196E, H221Y, I142V, K101E, L210W, L228R, L74V, M184V, R211K, T215F, V108I, V118I, and V179I) and nine (E44A, H208Y, H221Y, K70R, L210W
Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants.
PMID: 27124362
2016
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Introduction: However, in clinical trials individuals on an ETR containing regimen who experienced virological failure were infected with viruses that had a combination of RT mutations including V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/P, V106I, V179D/F, Y181C/I/V, and G190A/S.
Result: HIV-1 variants G190A, P236L, and L100I/K103N were susceptible to DOR (<2 nM), however the G190S mutant showed a modest reduction in susceptibility (4.6 +- 1.2 nM) while the M230L
HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in Turkey.
PMID: 26414663
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated TDRMs were detected in 3.3% (44/1,306) of patients (L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V179F, Y188H/L/M, Y181I/C, and G190A/E/S) and TDRMs to protease inhibitors were detected in 2.3% (30/1,306) of patients (M46L, I50V, I54V, Q58E, L76V, V82A/C/L/T, N83D, I84V, and L90M
Sub-Epidemics Explain Localized High Prevalence of Reduced Susceptibility to Rilpivirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: Subtype and Geographic Compartmentalization of Baseline Resistance Mutations.
PMID: 26651266
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Method: Evidence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance (TDR) was defined by the presence of at least one surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM) from the consensus genotypic definition of Bennett et al., including major RVP-RAMs L100I+K103N, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, and M230L, and minor RPV-RAMs L100I, K103S, V106A,
Result: Evidence of transmitted drug resistance was observed in 401 patients (8.7%), with RPV-RAMs Y181C, Y188L, K103S, V106A, V179F, and G190A/S detected as SDRMs.
Prevalence of Primary HIV Drug Resistance in Thailand Detected by Short Reverse Transcriptase Genotypic Resistance Assay.
Abstract: Fourteen major mutations of codon 99-191 on the RT gene were selected (K103N, V106A/M, V108I, Q151M, Y181C/I, M184V/I, Method: This region was selected to cover 14 mutations (K103N, V106A/M, V108I, Q151M, Y181C/I, M184V/I, Y188C/L/H, and G190S/A) contributing to NRTI and/or NNRTI resistance.
Role of Rilpivirine and Etravirine in Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Regimens Failure in a Resource-Limited Country: A Cross- Sectional Study.
Method: RT-RAMs were identified and analyzed by using the Stanford Drug Resistance Database for V90I, A98G, L100I/V, K101E/P/Q/H/N, K103N/S/T/Q/E/H/R, V106A/M/I, V108I, E138A/K/Q/G/R, V179D/E/T/F/L, Y181C/I/V/S/F/G, M184I, Y188C/H/L/F, G190A/S/E/Q/C/V/T, H221Y,
Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in naive and experienced patients in Shiraz, Iran, 2014.
Abstract: Among the 40 ART-naive patients, two mutations associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance (two with Y115F and T215I) and three associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance (two with G190S and Y181C, four with V179T) were found.
HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia.
Discussion: Among them, the mutations G190S, K103N, M184V, Y181C, K101E, M41L, and T215F/Y, influencing the HIV resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs, are observed at a high rate.
Discussion: Mutations K103N, M184I, T215Y, G190S, Y181C, K65R, and V108I with prevalences of 0.3 to 7% depending on the region are most frequently detected in the naive HIV-infected individuals.
Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.
PMID: 27231099
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: 2/11, 18%, without; p=0.002); G190A/S (12/24, 50%, with K65R vs.
Result: Other common (>20%) RT mutations were NRTI-associated M184V/I (27/35, 77%) and NNRTI-associated Y181C/G/Y (22/35, 63%), G190A/S (13/35, 37%) and K103N/S (11/35, 31%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
AIDS research and therapy
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