Reduced fitness in cell culture of HIV-1 with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant mutations correlates with relative levels of reverse transcriptase content and RNase H activity in virions.
Abstract: K103N and Y181C mutants had normal RNase H activity; V106A, G190A, and G190S mutants had moderate reductions in activity; and the P236L mutant had substantially reduced activity.
Abstract: K103N and Y181C viruses had fitness similar to that of the wild type while V106A, G190A, G190S, and P236L viruses had reduced fitness.
Abstract: We measured the fitness of six NNRTI-resistant mutants, the K103N, V106A, Y181C
Dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies during antiviral treatment dissected using ultra-deep pyrosequencing.
Introduction: This region includes the following important and well-defined drug resistance mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs): L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E associated with resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T); M184I/V associated with resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC); and Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H and G190S/A associated with resistance to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and etravirin (ETR).
Result: None of the five
Table: G190S
Frequency and diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among patients from Southern Brazil failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
PMID: 20818500
2010
International journal of molecular medicine
Abstract: The most frequent major mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) were K103N in 47 (37.0%), G190A in 11 (8.7%), and G190S in 2 (2.6%) tests.
Nevirapine resistance and breast-milk HIV transmission: effects of single and extended-dose nevirapine prophylaxis in subtype C HIV-infected infants.
Method: NVP-R was defined by mutations present at the following amino acid sites: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H, or G190A/S/E based on recommendations from International AIDS Society-USA Drug Resistance Mutations and Stanford University drug-resistance database.
Emergence of primary NNRTI resistance mutations without antiretroviral selective pressure in a HAART-treated child.
Abstract: These included V90I, A98G, L100I, K1O1E/P/Q, K103H/N/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T and Y318F
The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Method: NNRTI mutations included K103N, Y181C, Y181I, G190A, G190S, V108I, Y188L, V106M, P225H, and K103NS.
Result: The most frequent NNRTI mutations were Y181C (55%), G190A (30%), K103N (28%), K101E (15%), Y188L (8%), V106M (7%), Y181I (6%), K103N/S (2%), PMID: 19552593
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Table: G190A/S
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007.
Result: Less frequently seen NNRTI SDRMs included Y181C (n=3), G190A/S (n=2), and Y188L (n=1).
Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 19734799
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Etravirine-resistance mutations were defined as mutations associated in the DUET studies with a decreased virological response to etravirine: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2010
Journal of virology
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