Discussion: Thus far, about 32 NVP-resistance associated mutations in 17 positions, including 15 major NVP-resistant mutations at 5 positions (K103NST, V106AM, Y181CIV, Y188LHC, G190ASEQ), have been summarized in HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.
Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
Discussion: However, in their analysis of covariation of NNRTI resistance mutations, the K103N-P225H pair as well the Y181C-G190A and K101E-Y181C pairs significantly covaried in sequences from individuals experiencing EFV while the pair V108I-Y181C covaried in NVP group and the pair K101E-G190E covaried in both groups.
Characterization of the E138K resistance mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase conferring susceptibility to etravirine in B and non-B HIV-1 subtypes.
PMID: 21135184
2011
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The results show that ETR selected mutations at positions V90I, K101Q, E138K, V179D/E/F, Y181C, V189I, G190E, H221H/Y, and M230L and that E138K was the first of these to emerge in most instances.
Abstract: We identified K101Q, E138K, V179E, V189I, G190E, and H221Y as mutations not included among the 17 currently recognized resistance-associated mutations for ETR.
Prevalence and clinical significance of HIV drug resistance mutations by ultra-deep sequencing in antiretroviral-naive subjects in the CASTLE study.
Result: Sixteen subjects (11.3%) had non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TDR; of these, 15 had one or more of K103N, Y181C/I or G190A/E.
TMC278, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1.
PMID: 19933797
2010
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: NNRTI RAMs emerging in HIV-1 under selective pressure from TMC278 included combinations of V90I, L100I, K101E, V106A/I, V108I, E138G/K/Q/R, V179F/I, Y181C/I, V189I, G190E, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L.
Low-abundance HIV species and their impact on mutational profiles in patients with virological failure on once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir.
PMID: 20008905
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: K103R, Y181H and G190E) from archived drug-resistant virus were also detected in some baseline samples by CG.
Table: G190E
Low frequency nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistant variants contribute to failure of efavirenz-containing regimens in treatment- experienced patients.
PMID: 20102272
2010
The Journal of infectious diseases
Table: G190E
The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz stimulates replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 harboring certain non-nucleoside resistance mutations.
Introduction: One example of this type of mutation is L74V, which confers resistance to the nucleoside analogs abacavir and didanosine and improves the replication fitness of the NNRTI-resistant mutants G190E and K103N+L100I.
Result: We also evaluated whether another nucleoside resistance mutation, L74V, might affect the replication of (K101E+G190S), since Discussion: L74V, in addition to improving the fitness of G190E and K103N+L100I, also has the same effect on (K101E+G190S).
Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
PMID: 20462946
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
