Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of a Novel Series of Aminoimidazole Analogs.
PMID: 20535242
2010
Letters in drug design & discovery
Introduction: For example, the G190E mutations introduce a bulky side-chain which may prevent NNRTI binding by sterically interfering with functional groups, such as the cyclopropyl ring of nevirapine.
Introduction: Mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs include L100I, K101E, K103N, V106A, V108I, V179D, Y181C, Y188C/L/H, G190A/E/S, M230L, P236L and Y318F.
Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 19734799
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, V179F, Y188C/H/L, G190A/S/E/Q and M230L were defined as major NNRTI resistance mutations.
HIV type-1 clade C resistance genotypes in treatment-naive patients and after first virological failure in a large community antiretroviral therapy programme.
Discussion: Although no K103N mutation, expected to have the most impact on the use of NNRTIs, was seen in the naive samples, there were 2 individuals (1.6%) each with a single mutation (Y181C and G190E) that would have some impact on NNRTI susceptibility.
The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: These included V90I, A98G, L100I, K1O1E/P/Q, K103H/N/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T and Y318F
Profile of HIV type 1 infection and genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected individuals in Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
PMID: 19239356
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: We found RT inhibitor-associated major resistance mutations in 7/273 cases (2.6%; one occurrence each of L74I, M184I, and K219E; three cases of K103N; and two cases of G190E).
Nevirapine resistance and breast-milk HIV transmission: effects of single and extended-dose nevirapine prophylaxis in subtype C HIV-infected infants.
Method: NVP-R was defined by mutations present at the following amino acid sites: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H, or G190A/S/E based on recommendations from International AIDS Society-USA Drug Resistance Mutations and Stanford University drug-resistance database.
Table: G190A/E
Table: G190E
Etravirine: a second-generation NNRTI for treatment-experienced adults with resistant HIV-1 infection.
Introduction: In vitro studies suggest that etravirine selects for L100I, V179F/I, Y181C, G190E, M230L and Y318F, which may contribute to etravirine resistance (FC >10).
Impact of residues in the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding pocket on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase heterodimer stability.
Abstract: We found that the mutations K101A, P225H, Y318F and Y318W decreased RT heterodimer stability whereas K103N, V108I, V108W, Y181C, Y188L, G190A, G190E, G190W and P225W increased RT heterodimer stability.
NNRTI-selected mutations at codon 190 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase decrease susceptibility to stavudine and zidovudine.
Abstract: High-level resistance to nevirapine and moderate level resistance to both stavudine and zidovudine were associated with G190S/A/E substitutions.
Abstract: Recombinant HIV-1 strains carrying G190S/A/E, G190S+T215Y, T215Y and K103N mutations were constructed to evaluate susceptibility to both NNRTIs and nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2010
Letters in drug design & discovery
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