Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil.
PMID: 15761606
2004
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Abstract: Many mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to nucleoside or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected: M41L (11%), E44D (4%), D67N (11%), T69D (2%), K70R (11%), L74V (2%), L100I (4%), K103N (18%), V118I (9%), Y181C (11%), M184V (18%), G190A (4%), T215Y (4%), and K219E (4%).
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease resistance mutations selected during 16-72 weeks of therapy in isolates from antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients receiving abacavir/efavirenz/amprenavir in the CNA2007 study.
Abstract: L100I and G190A/S/E/T mutations were rarely detected in the same viral population and baseline Y181C favoured the G190 mutations (OR=8.9, P<0.001), rather than the L100I.
Mutation patterns of the reverse transcriptase genes in HIV-1 infected patients receiving combinations of nucleoside and non nucleoside inhibitors.
PMID: 14522102
2003
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: Among mutations correlated to high (K103N, V106A, Y181C/I, Y188C/H/L, G190A/C/E/Q/S/T) or moderate (V108I, V118I) levels of nevirapine resistance, the predominant amino acid change was a substitution at 103 codon, present in 24 of 80 samples tested.
In vitro analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to nevirapine and fitness determination of resistant variants.
PMID: 11752705
2002
The Journal of general virology
Abstract: Fitness determination of single mutants confirmed that, in the presence of nevirapine, every variant was more fit than wild-type with a fitness order Y181C>V106A>G190A>wild-type.
Abstract: In passage 5, mutations V106A, Y181C and G190A were detected in the global population, associated with a 100-fold susceptibility decrease.
Genetic divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Ethiopian clade C reverse transcriptase (RT) and rapid development of resistance against nonnucleoside inhibitors of RT.
PMID: 12069959
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Genotypic analysis showed that two Ethiopian isolates naturally harbored the mutations K70R and G190A associated with resistance to ZDV and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively.
Abstract: Phenotypic assays revealed that the K70R substitution in this context did not reduce susceptibility to ZDV, whereas the G190A substitution resulted in high-level resistance to nevirapine (NVP).
Polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper epitopes within reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype C from Ethiopia and Botswana following selection of antiretroviral drug resistance.
Abstract: Mutations within immunogenic regions of clade C RT were noted during drug selection of subtype C isolates with nevirapine (S98I, Y181C, V108I and K103N), delavirdine, (A62V, V75E, L100I, K103T, V108I, Y181C), efavirenz (K103E, V106M, V179D, Y188C/H, G190A), lamivudine (M184I, M184V), and zidovudine (K70R), respectively.
Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns in early-stage HIV-1-infected patients failing initial therapy with stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine.
Abstract: Seven patients (50%) had nevirapine resistance mutations (mainly K103N [4/7], Y181C/I [2/7], G190A/S [2/7] and V108I [1/7]) associated with phenotypic high-level resistance to nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz (nevirapine >47.4- to 58.1-fold, delavirdine >74.4- to 168.9-fold and efavirenz >56.0- to 347.2-fold).
Efavirenz- and adefovir dipivoxil-based salvage therapy in highly treatment-experienced patients: clinical and genotypic predictors of virologic response.
PMID: 10839657
2000
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Patients with Y181C or G190A single mutations had an initial greater magnitude of viral load suppression than those with K103N, but this advantage was short lived.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations selected in patients failing efavirenz combination therapy.
PMID: 10952598
2000
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: L100I, K101E, K101Q, Y188H, Y188L, G190S, G190A, and G190E mutations were also observed.
Novel nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 8. 8-Aryloxymethyl- and 8-arylthiomethyldipyridodiazepinones.
Abstract: The most potent compounds were further evaluated against a panel of clinically significant mutant RT enzymes (K103N, V106A, G190A, P236L) and in cytotoxicity and in vitro metabolism assays.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2004
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
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