Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia.
Discussion: Interestingly, the finding identified all the four RT gene positions (K103N, Y181C, G190A and V106M) recommended for point of care genotypic test for DRMs in low and middle income countries.
Discussion: Moreover, this is in line with another study conducted in Northern India that reported 89.8% NRTI and NNRTI ADR mutations among virological failures with M184V, T215Y were the most frequent NRTI associated mutations and K103N, G190A, Y181C from
Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana.
Abstract: The mutations in reverse transcriptase were M41L, L210W, D67N, K70E, M184V, K103N (6.36%, 95% CI 3.5-10.4), G190A, E138A, K101E, and I84V in protease.
Pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance associated with virologic outcome of first-line NNRTI-antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in Kenya.
Method: The OLA detected mutations conferring high-level resistance to NVP/EFV (
Result: 35,428 copies/mL, p = 0 0032), including those with single Y181C, M184V or G190A mutations, and those with multiple NNRTI/NRTI mutations, but not among those with single K103N mutations (Table 3).
Result: Among the 59 participants with PDR, NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A) were detected in all but one (98 3%) and NRTI mutations (K65R, M184V) were detected in 14 (23 7%).
Table: G190A
Clinical and Public Health Implications of HIV- Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in Angola: A Systematic Review.
Abstract: Over the past 40 years, the frequency of the DRM M184V (50-64.3%, p=0.363), G190A (17.2-46.2%, p=0.021), and K103N (34.5-42.3%, p=0.551) increased, while the frequency of Y181C (17.2-7.7%, p=0.289) decreased.
Abstract: The major DRM in the NRTIs was the M184V, whereas the G190A, K103N, and Y181C were the major DRMs in the NNRTIs.
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Abstract: One NRTI-associated (M184V/I) and three NNRTI-associated (K103N/S, Y181C/I and G190A/S) mutations had high percentages in ART-naive and ART-treated individuals, and these mutations conferred high-level resistance to 3TC, EFV and/or NVP.
Introduction: In addition, we report high percentages of one NRTI (M184V/I) and three NNRTI (K103N/S, Y181C/I and G190A/S) mutations in ART-naive and ART-treated individuals, which confer high-level resistance to 3TC, EFV and/or NVP.
Discussion:
Prevalence of doravirine-associated resistance mutations in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-experienced patients from two large databases in France and Italy.
PMID: 31976534
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: In comparison, the prevalence of the common NNRTI mutations V90I, K101E/P, K103N/S, E138A/G/K/Q/R/S, Y181C/I/V and G190A/E/S/Q were higher (8.9%, 7.9%, 28.6%, 12.6%, 14.2% and 8.9%, respectively).
Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of an N-alkoxy indolylacetamide against HIV-1 carrying NNRTI-resistant mutations from the Isatis indigotica root.
PMID: 32004936
2020
European journal of medicinal chemistry
Table: G190A
Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.
Abstract: While K103N (50.8%) and G190A/S/E/G (29.1%) were the most prevalent Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNTRI) mutations.
Result: This was followed by G190A/S/E/G that occurred in 55 (30.2%) of the patients, P236L mutation occurred in 2 (1.1%) and L234I that occurred in only 4 (2.2%) of the participants.
Discussion: For NNRTI class, K103N mutation (53.8%) was indicated as the most prevalent mutation followed by G190A/S/E/G (30.2%) similar to a study done in sub-Saharan Africa that indicated K103N (38.7%) and PMID: 32041622
2020
AIDS research and therapy
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Infection and drug resistance
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