HIV mutation literature information.


  HIV-1 drug mutations in children from northern Tanzania.
 PMID: 24729604       2014       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Y188L and G190A, which cause high-level resistance to NNRTIs, were detected in two children.
Table: G190A
Discussion: We detected two mutations, Y188L and G190A, in addition to other NNRTI-associated mutations, which cause high-level resistance to nevirapine, efavirenz and rilpivirine.


  Validation of an oligonucleotide ligation assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug-resistant mutants by use of massively parallel sequencing.
 PMID: 24740080       2014       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (K103N, V106M, Y181C, and G190A) and lamivudine (M184V) resistance mutations were quantified in blood-derived plasma RNA and cell DNA specimens by OLA and 454 pyrosequencing.


  Identification of the critical sites of NNRTI-resistance in reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 CRF_BC strains.
 PMID: 24743727       2014       PloS one
Abstract: K101Q, H221Y and T139K can enhance K103N/Y181C/G190A-assocated NNRTI-resistance.
Abstract: K103N+T139K and G190A+T139K mutant induce higher resistance (2.0~14.2-fold and 1.5~7.2-fold, respectively) to all four NNRTIs than K103N or G190A alone mutation.
Result: For example, M184V and K103N had 12 (A98G, Table: G190A


  Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.
 PMID: 24746180       2014       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Introduction: Moreover, in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, other candidate drug resistance mutations have been identified, including V90I, L100I, K101H/T, V106L, E138S,V179F/D/G/I/T, V189, G190A/E/S, F227L and Discussion: Among double mutants found in our data set, two (K101EK+G190AG and V179D+Y181C) were assigned an intermediate resistance level and one (E138G+V179D) a low level of resistance by the Stanford HIVDB.


  [Analysis of HIV genotypic drug resistance among pediatric HIV/AIDS cases with virological failure after free antiretroviral therapy in Yunnan province].
 PMID: 24854905       2014       Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
Abstract: The prevalent mutations associated with drug resistance were M184V/I, K103N, T215F/Y, G190A, Y181C and K101E at the frequencies of 52.1% (38/73), 30.1% (22/73), 21.9% (16/73), 20.5% (15/73), 15.1% (11/73) and 12.3% (9/73) respectively.


  [Resistance evolutionary pathway analysis of HIV-1 CRF_07BC reverse transcriptase].
 PMID: 24969455       2014       Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]
Abstract: While for B subtype, the major resistance mutations include M184V, K103N,Y181C, T69N,G190A, K238T,Y188H and P225H.


  Novel high-throughput screen identifies an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action.
 PMID: 24969820       2014       The Biochemical journal
Result: Because NNRTIs inhibit the excision activity of RT, we next screened each hit for their capacity to inhibit RTs containing the NNRTI resistance mutations K103N, V106A, V179D, Y181C, Y188C or G190A.


  Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.
 PMID: 25006528       2014       ISRN AIDS
Discussion: All of them cause high-level resistance to nevirapine and variable resistance to efavirenz, ranging from about twofold for V106A and Y181C, sixfold for G190A, 20-fold for K103N, and more than 50-fold for Y188L.
Discussion: The most common primary NNRTI resistance mutation was K103N/S which was observed in 6 study participants (K103N-5; K103S-1), which is also the most common mutation documented in another Indian study, whereas two other Indian studies found Y181C/V & G190A and V106M & Y181C, respectively, as t


  The prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance among MSM in Anhui province, China.
 PMID: 25035709       2014       AIDS research and therapy
Abstract: The SDRMs included L210W (1.5%), Y181C (0.8%), and G190A (0.8%).
Result: G190A confers a high level of resistance to NVP and an intermediate level of resistance to EFV.
Result: The two NNRTI-related SDRMs were Y181C and G190A, found in persons infected with CRF01_AE (from Xuancheng) and B (from Anqing) strains, respectively (Table 3).


  Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe.
 PMID: 25047543       2014       BMC infectious diseases
Result: The most prevalent drug resistant mutations were K103N (1.7%), G190A (0.5%), Y181C (0.4%) for NNRTI and L90M (0.6%) for PI.



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