Introduction: The G190A/S mutation was considered a common polymorphism in Israeli C subtype patients, but not in Indian C subtype individuals.
Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PMID: 24093951
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,
Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.
Abstract: Of 109 genotypic resistance profiles analyzed, the commonest non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance associated mutations (RAM) were: K103N (59; 54%)), Y181C (36; 27%)) and G190A (26; 24%)) while the commonest nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) RAM was the M184V (89; 81%).
Result: Other common NNRTI RAMs were Y181C (n = 30; 27%), G190A (n = 26; 24%) and K101E (n = 11; 10%).
Transmitted HIV resistance to first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lima, Peru.
PMID: 21819256
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Blood plasma and cells obtained prior to ART initiation were assessed for antiretroviral (ARV) resistance by an oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) sensitive to 2% mutant at reverse transcriptase (RT) codons K103N, Y181C, G190A, and M184V and a subset by consensus sequencing.
Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.
PMID: 21936717
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and PMID: 21972264
2012
Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill.
Abstract: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutation frequencies noted were associated with notable resistance to either/both NVP and EFV (n = 40; 88.9%); K103N (n = 15; 33.3%); >=1 mutations associated with etravirine (ETR) failure (K101E, Y181C, and G190A; n =20; 44.4%); and >=2 notable NNRTI mutations (n = 12; 26.7%).
Transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in Benin could jeopardise future treatment options.
Result: Of the five with resistance at enrollment, no NRTI resistance was observed, two had resistance to NNRTIs (K103N n=1; V106M, K103N n=1), two had protease resistance (M46I n=1, M46L n=1) and one had both protease and NNRTI resistance (M46V, K101E, G190A).
Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Discussion: For example, Yap et al reported that failure of AZT and nevirapine therapy was associated with the emergence of N348I, TAMs, and the non-nucleoside RT inhibitor resistance mutations K103N, V108I, Y181C/I and G190A/S.
Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
Result: Additional mutations in the HIV-1 genome were detected in three women: One woman each harbored the V106A (together with K103N, Y181C and M184V), the K65R (together with T215F) and the G190A (together with Y181C) mutation, respectively (Table 3, nos.
Result: We also checked population sequences for additional AZT/3TC/NVP-selected resistance mutations like M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219QE for AZT, K65R for 3TC and
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
BMC infectious diseases
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