Genetic diversity and drug resistance among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in western Yunnan: a hot area of viral recombination in China.
Abstract: A total of 1.3% of DR were related to protease inhibitors (PIs), including I85IV, M46I and L90M; 0.3% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), including M184I; and 2.7% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), including K103N/S, Y181C, K101E and G190A.
Result: Three individuals were found to have one other NNRTI-related mutation ( Table: G190A
Low prevalence of transmitted K65R and other tenofovir resistance mutations across different HIV-1 subtypes: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
PMID: 23305651
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: G190A
Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy.
PMID: 20964479
2011
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (49.7%), K103N (36.4%), G190A (26.3%), and A98G (19.5%).
Early virologic failure and the development of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-infected Ugandan children.
PMID: 21099693
2011
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Mutations predicted to confer resistance to etravirine (E138A, Y181C, G190A) were present in five of the nine children with samples available in the first six months of failure; two of the seven children with samples in the seven to 12 month range had two etravirine associated mutations.
A Leu to Ile but not Leu to Val change at HIV-1 reverse transcriptase codon 74 in the background of K65R mutation leads to an increased processivity of K65R+L74I enzyme and a replication competent virus.
Method: The final list of mutations included M41L, E44D, D67N, T69D, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, V108I, V118I, Y181C, M184V
Discussion: These patients showed faster rate of reversion of RT resistance mutations during the STI compared to the subset used in our analyses (although only Y181C and G190A were significantly faster, data not shown), and a higher median RC after 2 months STI (p = 0.002), suggesting the effect of other immunological and clinical factors on viral rebound.
Rapid development of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-infected children less than two years of age initiating protease inhibitor-based therapy in South Africa.
PMID: 21345162
2011
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Of 41 children without virologic suppression with posttreatment HIV genotype data available, major resistance mutations were found in 32 (78%): 14 (36%) had PI mutations including V82A, M46I, and L90M; 29 (71%) had M184V/I; and three had NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, and G190A).
Prevalence of HIV type 1 antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Vietnam: a multicenter study.
PMID: 21366425
2011
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common DRMs observed were M184V, V75A/M, M41L, and K65R (NRTI) and K103N, G190A, and Y181C (NNRTI).
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed young individuals in Kampala.
Abstract: Two had SDRMs to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (D67G and L210W), three had SDRMs to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (G190A, G190S, and K101E), and one had SDRMs to protease inhibitors (N88D).
Clinical significance of HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistance mutations.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
BMC infectious diseases
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