Abstract: NRTI and NNRTI DRMs were each seen in 115/128 (89.8%) patients, with M184V, M41L, D67N and T215Y being the most frequent among NRTI associated mutations, and K103N, G190A, Y181C and A98G among NNRTI associated ones.
Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.
PMID: 22729198
2012
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance.
Connection domain mutations during antiretroviral treatment failure in Mali: frequencies and impact on reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity.
PMID: 22828721
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: G190A (10.4% prevalence) was negatively associated with CRF02_AG (OR 0.14 [0.02-0.8], P= 0.028) amongst first-line failures (N= 76) in multivariate modeling.
Result: However, K103N, Y181C/I/V mutations and G190A were not collinear and were absent in 27.1% of isolates with phenotypic nevirapine resistance.
Result: The only other prevalent NVP-specific resistance mutations were Y181C/I/V (29.0%) and G190A (7.3%), and they were always associated with phenotypic nevirapine resistance.
Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.
Result: K103N, Y181C and G190A) were also associated with therapy failure, all with P values below 5 x 10-4.
Result: Our analysis showed that mutations A62V, Y181C, G190A, H208Y and T215F could cluster with the first group, although the association was weaker than for A98G, Q174R, I178L and L228H.
Table: G190A
Discussion: The preservation of NNRTI mutations in the viral genome of treated patients can be attributed to their small effect on viral fitness, as demonstrated for
[Genotyping and variability of HIV-1 in 26 cases of paid blood donors].
PMID: 22919750
2012
Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi
Abstract: M184V, K101E and G190A were detected in the RT region, respectively.
Identification of drug resistant mutations in HIV-1 CRF07_BC variants selected by nevirapine in vitro.
Discussion: Y181C, K103N, G190A, H221Y, K101E, A98G, V108I, V106A, E138A, Y188L are the top ten most common mutations resistant to NVP in patient
Discussion: Thus far, about 32 NVP-resistance associated mutations in 17 positions, including 15 major NVP-resistant mutations at 5 positions (K103NST, V106AM, Y181CIV, Y188LHC, G190ASEQ), have been summarized in HIV drug resistance database of Stanford University.
HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and first-line treatment failures in Djiboutian patients.
Result: The NNRTI-associated mutations were K101Q (1), K103N (4), V179E (1), Y181C (1), Y188L (2), G190A (2) (Table 3).
Table: G190A
Discussion: The NNRTI resistance-conferring mutations included K103N (25%), Y188L (12.5%), Y181C (6%), G190A (6%), H221Y (6%), M230L (6%).
Comparison of predicted susceptibility between genotype and virtual phenotype HIV drug resistance interpretation systems among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients in Asia: TASER-M cohort analysis.
Result: Although G190A/E and F227 were found in a proportion of these patients, a similar pattern to efavirenz could be seen whereby discrepant patients with V179D/E did not harbour any additional NNRTI RAMs.
Result: Among the 1226 patients with no discrepancy, the efavirenz-associated mutations were A98G (0.3%), K103N (0.8%), K103S (0.2%), V106M (0.2%), V179D (0.6%), Y181C (0.6%), G190A (0.3%), G190E (0.1%), P225H (0.2%), F227C (0.1%) and K238T (0.1%).
Result: RAMs found in dis
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.
Result: Major NNRTIs DRMs were also obtained at positions P225H (n=12), K101E (n=11), Y181C (n=10), G190A (n=7), Y188L (n=6), V90I (n=5), PMID: 23236346
2012
PloS one
Result: The most frequent NNRTI mutations were K103N/S (27.8%), followed by Y181C (22.2%), V108I and G190A (16.7%), Y181V (11.1%), K101E and Y188L (5.6%) (Figure 2).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
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