HIV-1 drug resistance emergence among breastfeeding infants born to HIV-infected mothers during a single-arm trial of triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission: a secondary analysis.
Result: Of the 16 infants with HIV drug resistance mutations at 6 mo, 13 (81%) had at least one NRTI resistance mutation (M184 I/V [n = 12], K65R [n = 2], and D67G [n = 1]), and six (38%) had NNRTI resistance mutations (K103N [n = 2], Y181 [n = 2], and G190A [n = 2]) (sequences submitted to GenBank, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html, accession numbers HM164112-HM164123, HM164127-HM164128, and HM164130-HM164131) (Table 3).
Table: G190A
Analysis of nevirapine resistance in HIV-infected infants who received extended nevirapine or nevirapine/zidovudine prophylaxis.
Result: Five infants had NVP resistance mutations other than K103N and Y181C detected by ViroSeq at 14 weeks (V106A, Y188C/L, G190A) in the absence of K103N or Y181C.
Result: Three of the four infants did not have any NVP resistance mutations detected in the 6-month sample; in one infant, G190A was detected.
Discussion: Five infants had other NVP resistance mutations detected at 14 weeks of age in the absence of K103N or Y181C (V106A, Y188C/L and G190A).
Discussion: However, a previous study suggests that s
Suboptimal adherence associated with virological failure and resistance mutations to first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Bangalore, India.
Result: Y181C (37%) was the predominant NNRTI mutation, followed by K103N (26%) and G190A (18%).
Predicted susceptibility of etravirine in HIV patients experiencing virological failure secondary to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in Argentina.
PMID: 21592625
2011
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: ETR-RAMs were defined as V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L, and were analyzed according to the weighted mutation score to predict susceptibility (Vingerhoets 2008).
Abstract: Most frequent ETR-RAMs after failure with EFV: G190A (28.1%), K101E (14.9%), L100I (10.5%); and with NVP: Y181C (41.7%), G190A (30.6%) and A98G (13.9%).
HIV-1 drug resistance at antiretroviral treatment initiation in children previously exposed to single-dose nevirapine.
Result: Other major NNRTI mutations V106M, Y188C and G190A were found in a small proportion of infants under 12 months but were absent in older children.
Result: The G190A and Y188C mutations were each detected in 2 samples and V106I/M in 1 sample.
High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.
PMID: 21663632
2011
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: G190A
Genotypic resistance at viral rebound among patients who received lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz-based first antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.
PMID: 21694608
2011
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: K103N was the most commonly detected in 9 (25%) participants, V106M in 6 (16.7%), and G190S/A +/- Y188C/L in 6 (16.7%).
Selection of HIV resistance associated with antiretroviral therapy initiated due to pregnancy and suspended postpartum.
PMID: 21765365
2011
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: An OLA was performed on all amplicons derived from plasma and PBMC using probes that detect mutations associated with high-level drug-resistance to NFV, codons D30N (AAT) and L90M (ATG), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) at codons K70R (AGA), M184V (GTG), and T215F/Y (TTC, TAC), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) at codons K103N (AAC), Y18
Result: K103N was detected in 3/8 (38%), one also had Y181C, and G190A was detected in a fourth participant.
Measuring enzymatic HIV-1 susceptibility to two reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a rapid and simple approach to HIV-1 drug-resistance testing.
Result: Enzymatic NVP resistance was associated with the presence of K103N, Y181C/I, Y188L, G190A/Q, or K238N in 88 of the 91 samples.
Result: Figure 1B shows that the mean DeltaCt for NVP seen in 83 WT isolates was 7.42+-3.18 (range 0.235-15.9) compared to a mean DeltaCt value of 0.484+-0.963 (range -1.85-2.15) seen in 28 NVP-resistant samples carrying K103N, Y181C/I,
Discussion: Our data also show that the screening Amp-RT format detecting resistance to NVP correlated with the presence of K103N, Y181C/I, Y188L, and G190A/Q.
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV is stimulated by efavirenz during early stages of infection.
Abstract: We also showed that EFV stimulates K101E+Y188L and K101E+V106I virus, but not K101E+L100I, K101E+K103N, K101E+Y181C, or K101E+G190A virus, suggesting that the stimulation is mutation specific.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
PLoS medicine
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT