Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant reverse transcriptase enzymes containing the G190A and Y181C resistance mutations remain sensitive to etravirine.
PMID: 19704127
2009
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Both the biochemical and the cell-based phenotypic assays confirmed the susceptibility of G190A-containing enzymes and viruses to ETR.
Abstract: Recombinant HIV-1 RT enzymes containing either the Y181C or the G190A mutation, or both mutations in tandem, were purified.
Abstract: The results of this study indicate that the G190A mutation is not associated with resistance to ETR.
Abstract: This study was designed to determine the extent to which each of the Y181C or G190A mutations in RT might confer resistance to ETR and other members of the NNRTI family of drugs.
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007.
Result: Less frequently seen NNRTI SDRMs included Y181C (n=3), G190A/S (n=2), and Y188L (n=1).
Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 19734799
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Etravirine-resistance mutations were defined as mutations associated in the DUET studies with a decreased virological response to etravirine: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L
Result: Among the 12 samples with NNRTI-resistance mutations, seven had a total of 11 major etravirine-resistance mutations including L100I (n=2), K101E (n=2), Y181C (n=2), G190A/S (n=5).
Efavirenz: a decade of clinical experience in the treatment of HIV.
PMID: 19767318
2009
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Discussion: G190A, Y181C and K101E) while only 1.1% had four or more such mutations.
Low prevalence of HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations in untreated, recently infected patients from Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Thailand, and Vietnam: the ANRS 12134 study.
PMID: 19886834
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Of the 266 RT and PR sequences analyzed, two from Vietnam harbored virus with major drug resistance mutations (G190A in RT for one individual and M46I in PR for the second individual).
Antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations at baseline and at time of failure of antiretroviral therapy in HIV type 1-coinfected TB patients.
PMID: 19895208
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: At baseline, major DRMs with respect to NNRTIs (G190GA) and TAMs (T215S and I) were observed in 3 out of 107 patients.
Viremia, resuppression, and time to resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype C during first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.
Result: Of the patients achieving resuppression despite detectable resistance, all had NNRTI resistance mutations: K103N (8), V106M (5), P225H (1), or G190A (1).
Table: G190A
Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.
Abstract: Clinical studies have demonstrated an increased frequency of K65R in association with suboptimal d4T and ddI regimens, as well as nevirapine and its resistance mutations Y181C and G190A.
Conclusion: Increased selection of K65R with nevirapine (NVP) is associated with the Y181C and/or G190A mutations.
Introduction: At least this way, K65R is not likely to be selected, even in the presence of Y181C
Discussion: The combined dangers of TAM and K65R resistance, facilitated by synergistic NVP resistance (Y181C/G190A), may lead to situations where the choice of second-line regimens is limited.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2009
Journal of medical virology
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