Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia.
Discussion: Interestingly, the finding identified all the four RT gene positions (K103N, Y181C, G190A and V106M) recommended for point of care genotypic test for DRMs in low and middle income countries.
Discussion: Moreover, this is in line with another study conducted in Northern India that reported 89.8% NRTI and NNRTI ADR mutations among virological failures with M184V, T215Y were the most frequent NRTI associated mutations and K103N, G190A, Y181C from
Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana.
Method: In samples collected between 2014 and 2015, the following mutations were detected in the main cohort; K103N, G190A and L90M .
Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.
Abstract: While K103N (50.8%) and G190A/S/E/G (29.1%) were the most prevalent Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNTRI) mutations.
Result: This was followed by G190A/S/E/G that occurred in 55 (30.2%) of the patients, P236L mutation occurred in 2 (1.1%) and L234I that occurred in only 4 (2.2%) of the participants.
Discussion: For NNRTI class, K103N mutation (53.8%) was indicated as the most prevalent mutation followed by G190A/S/E/G (30.2%) similar to a study done in sub-Saharan Africa that indicated K103N (38.7%) and PMID: 33654530
2020
The Pan African medical journal
Abstract: Predominant NNRTIs mutations were K103N (15), Y181C (9), G190A (7), and H221Y (6) NRTIs, M184V (17), Y115F (5) and PIs, I54V (4).
Introduction: A study on HIV-1 drug-resistance patterns in Nairobi identified
Table: G190A
Discussion: Major mutations conferring resistance to NNRTIs with K103N, Y181C, H22Y, G190A, K101E being prevalent have also been identified.
Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of an N-alkoxy indolylacetamide against HIV-1 carrying NNRTI-resistant mutations from the Isatis indigotica root.
PMID: 32004936
2020
European journal of medicinal chemistry
Table: G190A
HIV-1 acquired drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in a cohort of antiretroviral therapy multi-experienced Mexican patients failing to raltegravir: a cross-sectional study.
Result: The K103N mutation was the most common, followed by E138A/G, G190A and A98G, and then V179D/E/T and Y181C (Table 2).
Result: The K103N, Y181C, and G190A are known to confer high-level resistance to NVP, and intermediate to high resistance to EFV.
Table: G190A
High resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating recombinant form 02_AG in Ghana and on antiretroviral therapy.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Infection and drug resistance
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