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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Antiviral activity of GW678248, a novel benzophenone nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
 PMID: 16189079       2005       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In HeLa CD4 MAGI cell culture virus replication assays, GW678248 has an IC(50) of < or =21 nM against HIV-1 isogenic strains with single or double mutations known to be associated with NNRTI resistance, including L100I, K101E, K103N, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138K, Y181C, Y188C, Y188L, G190A/E, P225H, and P236L and various combinations.


  Evolution of HIV resistance during treatment interruption in experienced patients and after restarting a new therapy.
 PMID: 16191482       2005       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: Appearance of K70R could be explained by a reverse direction of a previously described pathway of thymidin analogues mutation resistance development, while G190A could be due to prolonged subinhibitory drug levels after cessation of NNRTIs.
Abstract: In two patients new reverse transcriptase associated mutations were detected during TI, G190A (NNRTI mutation) and K70R (NRTI mutation).


  A new insertion in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene inducing major resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 16227805       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Virus carrying the insertion alone or in association with G190A was not infectious.


  Drug-resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients with established HIV-1 infection in Mexico.
 PMID: 16268822       2005       HIV medicine
Abstract: For nonnucleoside inhibitors, mutations K103N/R (6%), Y181C (3%) and G190A (2%) were detected.


  Substitutions in the Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Subtype B in Untreated Individuals and Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Drugs.
 PMID: 19825125       2005       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: G190A occurred in 25% of patients (G C) as did V108I (G A).
Table: G190A


  Characterization of a subtype D human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate that was obtained from an untreated individual and that is highly resistant to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 15113918       2004       Journal of virology
Abstract: D14-UG did not contain the classic amino acid substitutions conferring NNRTI resistance (e.g., Y181C, K103N, and G190A) but did have some putative sites associated with drug resistance, I135L, T139V, and V245T.


  Intrapartum exposure to nevirapine and subsequent maternal responses to nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 15247339       2004       The New England journal of medicine
Abstract: Resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors were detectable in blood samples obtained 10 days post partum from 32 percent of the women who had received intrapartum nevirapine; the most frequent mutations were K103N, G190A, and Y181C.


  The development of drug resistance mutations K103N Y181C and G190A in long term Nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy.
 PMID: 15465412       2004       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: G190A appears in 5-15% of the patients treated with nevirapine or efavirenz who develop clinical resistance.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the presence of a G190A substitution attenuates the phenotypic resistance associated with a K103N substitution, although resistance is still present.
Abstract: In the group with the double substitutions, G190A and K103N, delavirdine susceptibility decreased 13-fold, while resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz decreased by 239- and 154-folds, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis H P = 0.009).


  Nevirapine in the treatment of HIV.
 PMID: 15482202       2004       Expert review of anti-infective therapy
Abstract: Nevirapine-resistant mutations are common to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor family and they include K103N, V106A, Y181C, Y188C and G190A.


  Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil.
 PMID: 15761606       2004       Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Abstract: Many mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to nucleoside or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected: M41L (11%), E44D (4%), D67N (11%), T69D (2%), K70R (11%), L74V (2%), L100I (4%), K103N (18%), V118I (9%), Y181C (11%), M184V (18%), G190A (4%), T215Y (4%), and K219E (4%).



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