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 HIV mutation literature information.


  HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease resistance mutations selected during 16-72 weeks of therapy in isolates from antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients receiving abacavir/efavirenz/amprenavir in the CNA2007 study.
 PMID: 12741623       2003       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: L100I and G190A/S/E/T mutations were rarely detected in the same viral population and baseline Y181C favoured the G190 mutations (OR=8.9, P<0.001), rather than the L100I.


  Mutation patterns of the reverse transcriptase genes in HIV-1 infected patients receiving combinations of nucleoside and non nucleoside inhibitors.
 PMID: 14522102       2003       International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: Among mutations correlated to high (K103N, V106A, Y181C/I, Y188C/H/L, G190A/C/E/Q/S/T) or moderate (V108I, V118I) levels of nevirapine resistance, the predominant amino acid change was a substitution at 103 codon, present in 24 of 80 samples tested.


  In vitro analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to nevirapine and fitness determination of resistant variants.
 PMID: 11752705       2002       The Journal of general virology
Abstract: Fitness determination of single mutants confirmed that, in the presence of nevirapine, every variant was more fit than wild-type with a fitness order Y181C>V106A>G190A>wild-type.
Abstract: In passage 5, mutations V106A, Y181C and G190A were detected in the global population, associated with a 100-fold susceptibility decrease.


  Genetic divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Ethiopian clade C reverse transcriptase (RT) and rapid development of resistance against nonnucleoside inhibitors of RT.
 PMID: 12069959       2002       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Genotypic analysis showed that two Ethiopian isolates naturally harbored the mutations K70R and G190A associated with resistance to ZDV and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, respectively.
Abstract: Phenotypic assays revealed that the K70R substitution in this context did not reduce susceptibility to ZDV, whereas the G190A substitution resulted in high-level resistance to nevirapine (NVP).


  Polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper epitopes within reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype C from Ethiopia and Botswana following selection of antiretroviral drug resistance.
 PMID: 12367719       2002       Antiviral research
Abstract: Mutations within immunogenic regions of clade C RT were noted during drug selection of subtype C isolates with nevirapine (S98I, Y181C, V108I and K103N), delavirdine, (A62V, V75E, L100I, K103T, V108I, Y181C), efavirenz (K103E, V106M, V179D, Y188C/H, G190A), lamivudine (M184I, M184V), and zidovudine (K70R), respectively.


  Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns in early-stage HIV-1-infected patients failing initial therapy with stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine.
 PMID: 12553483       2002       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Seven patients (50%) had nevirapine resistance mutations (mainly K103N [4/7], Y181C/I [2/7], G190A/S [2/7] and V108I [1/7]) associated with phenotypic high-level resistance to nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz (nevirapine >47.4- to 58.1-fold, delavirdine >74.4- to 168.9-fold and efavirenz >56.0- to 347.2-fold).


  Efavirenz- and adefovir dipivoxil-based salvage therapy in highly treatment-experienced patients: clinical and genotypic predictors of virologic response.
 PMID: 10839657       2000       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Patients with Y181C or G190A single mutations had an initial greater magnitude of viral load suppression than those with K103N, but this advantage was short lived.


  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations selected in patients failing efavirenz combination therapy.
 PMID: 10952598       2000       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: L100I, K101E, K101Q, Y188H, Y188L, G190S, G190A, and G190E mutations were also observed.


  Novel nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 8. 8-Aryloxymethyl- and 8-arylthiomethyldipyridodiazepinones.
 PMID: 9685236       1998       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract: The most potent compounds were further evaluated against a panel of clinically significant mutant RT enzymes (K103N, V106A, G190A, P236L) and in cytotoxicity and in vitro metabolism assays.


  A drug resistance mutation in the inhibitor binding pocket of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase impairs DNA synthesis and RNA degradation.
 PMID: 8703945       1996       Biochemistry
Abstract: The size distribution of products generated by G190E RT-associated RNase H digestion of RNA from [35S]poly(rA).poly(dT) was markedly distinct from that of the G190A RT and was consistent with the observed reduction in RT-associated RNase H activity of the G190E RT.
Abstract: We report here that the G190E mutation in recombinant heterodimeric HIV-1 RT, compared to the wild-type RT (G190) or a G190A control mutant, results in a 40% and 80% reduction in the polymerase and RNase H specific enzymatic activities, respectively.



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