Introduction: Genetic resistance pathways including primary mutations at codons Y143C/H/R, Q148H/K/R or N155H together with one or more additional associated secondary mutations at L74M, E92Q, T97A, E138E/A/K or G140S/A, has been reported to result in higher levels of resistance with RAL treatment.
Table: G140A
Discussion: Another simulation study also revealed the binding mode of EVG and RAL to HIV-1 IN and the structural mechanism of drug resistant mutants (G140A and G149A) that affect the 140's loop region spanning residu
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-resistance mutations for the surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance.
PMID: 31617907
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Among the 29 relatively common INSTI-selected mutations, 24 emerged as candidates for inclusion on a list of INSTI surveillance drug-resistance mutations: T66A/I/K, E92G/Q, G118R, F121Y, E138A/K/T, G140A/C/S, Y143C/H/R/S, S147G, Q148H/R/K, N155H, S230R and R263K.
HIV-1 integrase drug-resistance mutations in Iranian treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Abstract: The DRMs that were identified belonged to the INSTI class, including E138K, G140A, S147G, and Q148R.
Retrospective study on the outcome of two-drug regimens based on dolutegravir plus one reverse transcriptase inhibitor in virologically-suppressed HIV-infected patients.
PMID: 31926287
2020
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: One VF to DTG+RPV occurred because of historical resistance to RPV, accompanied by newly selected G140A and Q148R mutations.
HIV-1 acquired drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in a cohort of antiretroviral therapy multi-experienced Mexican patients failing to raltegravir: a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: The Y143R/H/C substitutions were the most prevalent, followed by the N155H, and both Q148H/K and G140S/A in the same proportion.
Table: G140A
Discussion: According to our findings, the frequency of the substitution Q148+ >=1 secondary mutation(s) (G140A/C/S, L74I or E138A/K/T) was 12%.
Discussion: On the other hand, we do not find a significant difference between the mean viral load of the subjects with DTG resistance compared to the subjects without DTG resistance (n = 22), nor with samples harbouring a G140S/A + Q148H/R/K combination (n = 3) as desc
High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment.
PMID: 32105319
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Four had T97A [this was the consensus in three of them and a minority variant in one (who also had L74I)], another participant had an E138K minority variant and another had a G140A minority variant.
Characterization of HIV-1 Integrase Gene and Resistance Associated Mutations Prior to Roll out of Integrase Inhibitors by Kenyan National HIV-Treatment Program in Kenya.
PMID: 32116431
2020
Ethiopian journal of health sciences
Abstract: However, polymorphic accessory mutations associated with reduced susceptibility of integrase inhibitors were observed in low frequency; M50I (12.2%), T97A (3.7%), S153YG, E92G (1.6%), G140S/A/C (1.1%) and E157Q (0.5%).
Result: These mutations were M50I (12.2%), T97A (3.7%), S153YG, E92G (1.6%), G140S/A/C (1.1%) and E157Q (0.5%).
Table: G140S/A
Accumulation of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations confers high-level resistance to dolutegravir in non-B subtype HIV-1 strains from patients failing raltegravir in Uganda.
PMID: 32853364
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Two patients, one with E138A/G140A/Q148R/G163R and one with E138K/G140A/S147G/Q148K, displayed the highest reported resistance to raltegravir, elvitegravir and even dolutegravir.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
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