Method: Primary INSTI RAMs against EVG and/or RAL were based on IAS-USA Guidelines of RAMs with some modifications to remove secondary INSTI RAMs (i.e., L74M, F121Y, E138A/K, and G140A/S) (Fig 1).
Performance of Celera RUO integrase resistance assay across multiple HIV-1 subtypes.
PMID: 27993614
2017
Journal of virological methods
Abstract: Mutations associated with integrase resistance were observed in seven of the 106 (7%) clinical samples [one sample: Q148K; E138K; G140A; two samples: T97A and four samples: L74I].
Result: The following mutations were observed: Q148K; E138K; G140A in one sample; T97A in two samples; and L74I in four samples.
Prevalence of integrase inhibitor resistance mutations in Austrian patients recently diagnosed with HIV from 2008 to 2013.
Abstract: Two patients carried the accessory mutations E138K and G140A, respectively, where both lie on the Q148 pathway.
Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir (GS-9883), a Novel Potent HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor with an Improved Resistance Profile.
PMID: 27645238
2016
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Figure: Primary INSTI resistance mutations are T66I/A/K, E92Q/G, T97A, Y143C/H/R, S147G, Q148H/K/R, and N155H, and other INSTI resistance mutations are H51Y, L68I/V, V72A/N/T, L74M, Q95K/R, F121C/Y, A128T, E138A/K, G140A/C/S, P145S, PMID: 27779200
2016
Scientific reports
Introduction: With one or two major mutations, such as Q148HKR +- G140SA, N155H +- E92Q or Y143CR +- T97A, a marked reduction of viral susceptibility to raltegravir and elvitegravir has been observed.
Method: Besides these three major mutations, the integrase substitutions with a Stanford HIVdb score 10 to at least one INSTI were included, such as H51Y, T66A/I/K, L74M, E92G/Q/V, Q95K, T97A, F121Y,
Lack of integrase inhibitors associated resistance mutations among HIV-1C isolates.
PMID: 26626277
2015
Journal of translational medicine
Discussion: This includes T66IAK, E92Q, F121Y, G140SA, Y143HCR, Q146P, S147G, Q148KHR, and N155HS; (2) minor INI-resistance mutations were defined as non-polymorphic or minimally polymorphic mutations that reduce INI susceptibility H51Y, L74 M, T97A, E138AK, S153Y,
Integrase inhibitor (INI) genotypic resistance in treatment-naive and raltegravir-experienced patients infected with diverse HIV-1 clades.
PMID: 26311843
2015
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Among raltegravir recipients with viraemia (median 3523 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL), 113/255 (44.3%) had one or more major INI RAMs, most commonly N155H (45/255, 17.6%), Q148H/R/K + G140S/A (35/255, 13.7%) and Y143R/C/H (12/255, 4.7%).
Abstract: Comparing subtype B with non-B clades, Q148H/R/K occurred in 42/209 (20.1%) versus 2/46 (4.3%) subjects (P = 0.009) and G140S/A occurred in 36/209 (17.2%) versus 1/46 (2.2%) subjects (P = 0.005).
Abstract: Reduced occurrence of Q148H/R/K + G140S/A was seen in non-B clades versus subtype B, and was explained by the higher genetic barrier to the
Influence of Drug Resistance Mutations on the Activity of HIV-1 Subtypes A and B Integrases: a Comparative Study.
Introduction: In most cases, this mutation occurs in combination with secondary mutations, most frequently G140S/A and E138K/A.
Introduction: Secondary and tertiary mutations (G140A/C/S, L74I and E138A/K/T) further enhance the resistance.
[Resistance profile and genetic barrier of dolutegravir].
PMID: 25858608
2015
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: Dolutegravir displays in vitro activity against mutant HIV-1 harboring any isolated resistance mutations selected during failures to raltegravir or elvitegravir (Y143C/H/, N155H, Q148H/K/R, E92G/Q, T66A/I/K, T97A, E138A/K, G140A/S).
High frequency of dolutegravir resistance in patients failing a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen.
PMID: 25386009
2015
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: RESULTS: Among the 92 patients analysed, 32 (35%) showed resistance to dolutegravir, in most cases associated with the combination of Q148H/R/K with G140S/A mutations.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
PloS one
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