Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Table: E44D
Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.
Result: Most of these minority drug resistance mutations were detected in the 67 cART-experienced individuals, e.g., the HIV-1 genotype of the following patients consisted of a mixture of majority and minority drug resistance mutations: patient SG79 (PR V11I 99.9%, K20I 99.9%; RT E44D 1.3%, D67N 1.1%, L100I 1.7%, M184V 84.9%, M184I 14.8%, K219Q 2.1%, INT E157Q 99.8%), patient SG86 (RT M184V 99.8%, INT L74M 97.9%, L74I 1.9%, E92Q 86
Viral Genetic Diversity and Polymorphisms in a Cohort of HIV-1-Infected Patients Eligible for Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Abuja, Nigeria.
PMID: 25582324
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Result: We also detected NRTI selected mutations M41L, E44D, T69ANS, V75M, and V118I, and NNRTI mutations V90I, A98G, K101EQ, K103NR, V106I, V108I, E138A, V179EI, and G190A (Table 3).
Effectiveness of a Treatment Switch to Nevirapine plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) in Adults with HIV-1 Suppressed Viremia.
Characterization of two HIV-1 infectors during initial antiretroviral treatment, and the emergence of phenotypic resistance in reverse transcriptase-associated mutation patterns.
Result: 1c), T215Y was the earliest NRTI mutation to emerge in plasma in the 15th month of therapy, followed by M41L and then by E44D.
Result: However, E44A replaced E44D as the last pattern of mutation with respect to M41L<
Result: In PBMCs, it was M41L/E44D/T215Y that was first detected in the 25th month; with E44A replacing E44D completely by the following visit, and M41L/E44A/T215Y was the last NRTI mutation pattern to be observed.
Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Discussion: Although reverse transcriptase changes associated with the E44D and V118I mutations may have an accessory role in increased resistance to nRTIs in the presence of TAMs, their clinical relevance is very limited.
Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.
Abstract: Two (13.3%) pre-treated patients harbored viruses that showed a multi-nucleos(t)ide resistance including Q151M, K65R, E33A/D, E44A/D mutations.
Result: Multi-Nucleos(t)ide Resistance (MNR) were only observed in pre-treated patients, including 2 (13.3%) harboring Q151M, K65R, E33A/D, E44A/D mutations.
Subtype-specific differences in the development of accessory mutations associated with high-level resistance to HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 23386260
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Codon changes K43E, E44D and V118I were found to have no effect on susceptibility to three NRTIs with or without TAMs in either subtype; however, some accessory mutations had subtype-specific effects on viral infectivity.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
BMC infectious diseases
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