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 HIV mutation literature information.


  HIV-1 group O integrase displays lower susceptibility to raltegravir and has a different mutational pathway for resistance than HIV-1 group M.
 PMID: 25397483       2014       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: Mutations selected in HIV-O can be classified as follows: (1) mutations described for HIV-M such as T97A, Q148R, V151A/I (RAL), T66I, E92Q, E157Q (EVG) and M50I, R263K (DTG) and (2) signature mutations for HIV-O.


  Characterization of natural polymorphic sites of the HIV-1 integrase before the introduction of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in Germany.
 PMID: 25397491       2014       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: E157Q considered by HIVdb, ANRS, and GRADE algorithms was the most frequent resistance-associated polymorphism with an overall prevalence of 2.4%.


  New dolutegravir resistance pattern identified in a patient failing antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 25397494       2014       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: In June 2013, after S119R, N155H and E157Q mutations in viral integrase were detected, the patient received DTG, and RAL was stopped.
Abstract: Since N155H alone is described not to contribute sufficient resistance to DTG, there seems to be a need to re-check viruses with N155H plus minor mutations (like T97A, S119R, S147G and E157Q) potentially contributing to DTG resistance.


  Consensus HIV-1 FSU-A integrase gene variants electroporated into mice induce polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
 PMID: 23667513       2013       PloS one
Method: Deoxyribopolynucleotides encoding inactivated IN (IN_in: D64V) and inactivated elvitegravir-resistant IN (IN_in_e3: H51Y, D64V, E92Q, S147G, E157Q, K160Q) were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of IN_a gene.
Result: Inactive IN was further supplemented with mutations H51Y, E92Q, S147G, and K160Q, conferring resistance to elvitegravir and a polymorphic mutation E157Q common for subtype A, which yielded IN_e3 (D64V+ PMID: 23259737       2012       BMC infectious diseases
Result: Among virologically failing patients E157Q was noted in one patient with N155H mutant, in three E157Q variant was present at baseline and consistently in the sequences obtained on RAL therapy while in two patients either R263K or L74IL were present at baseline and disappeared in the subsequent sequences on virologically unsuccessful treatment.
Result: Baseline polymorphisms, including the most prevalent E157Q analyzed separately, were not associated with the virologic failure on RAL [p=0.5, OR 1.56 (95% CI: 0.35-7.11) and p=0.38, OR 1.83 (95% CI:0.38-10.05), respectively].
Result: In 14 cases with virologic success accessory mutations were present prior to the raltegravir introduction (11 sequences with E157Q, one of each


  "Prolonged and substantial discordance in prevalence of raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 in plasma versus PBMC samples revealed by 454 ""deep"" sequencing."
 PMID: 23049972       2012       PloS one
Method: Secondary raltegravir-associated DRMs were defined to be E92V, Q95K, T97A, F121Y, E138A/K, G140A/C/S, S147G, V151A/I/L, M154I/L, E157Q, and G163K/R, and linkages examined were T97A and Y143C/R, E138A/K and Q148H/K/R, G140S and Q148H/K/R, and G163K/R and


  Genetic diversity and naturally polymorphisms in HIV type 1 integrase isolates from Maputo, Mozambique: implications for integrase inhibitors.
 PMID: 22497664       2012       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: No major mutations conferring resistance to integrase inhibitors were found and polymorphic accessory mutations were solely observed in low frequency among subtype C sequences-L74M (3.4%), T97A (1.8%), and E157Q (1.8%)-suggesting that this new antiretroviral drug class will be effective in Mozambique providing a good perspective to the introduction of this class of drugs in that country.


  Drug resistance mutations of HIV type 1 non-B viruses to integrase inhibitors in treatment-naive patients from sub-saharan countries and discordant interpretations.
 PMID: 22236055       2012       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: E157Q identified in 5% of patients tested (5/97) was selected by the ANRS algorithm as a primary mutation, which alone can confer resistance to raltegravir.
Abstract: All but one (E157Q) were considered as accessory resistant mutation by the algorithms.
Abstract: Using currently available interpretation algorithms (ANRS, HIVdb, and Rega), we identified the presence of mutations at nine resistance-associated positions including L74M (3.1%), T97A (9.3%), K156N (2.1%), E157Q (5.2%), G163K (1.0%), T206S (48.5%), S230N (1.0%), D232N (1.0%), and R236K (1.0%).


  Short communication: analysis of the integrase gene from HIV type 1-positive patients living in a rural area of West Cameroon.
 PMID: 22214532       2012       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Interestingly, two patients infected with the CRF02_AG subtype had the resistance mutations N155H and E157Q/E and 12% of African samples had an amino acid substitution at position 143.


  Genotypic prediction of resistant mutation in HIV-1 pol gene towards the antiretroviral drugs.
 PMID: 21441094       2011       International journal of bioinformatics research and applications
Abstract: One sequence of integrase with minor mutation of E157Q and 9 sequences with other mutations were inferred.



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