HIV mutation literature information.


  Genetic barriers for integrase inhibitor drug resistance in HIV type-1 B and CRF02_AG subtypes.
 PMID: 19320246       2009       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The major IN mutations E92Q, Q148K/R/H, N155H and E157Q (implicated in the resistance of IN inhibitors RAL and EVG) are highly conserved between subtypes B and CRF02_AG and display a similar genetic barrier.


  Characterization and structural analysis of HIV-1 integrase conservation.
 PMID: 19290031       2009       AIDS reviews
Abstract: Differently, other mutations (L74M, T97A, S119G/R, V151I, K156N, E157Q, G163K/R, V165I, I203M, T206S, S230N) occurred as natural polymorphisms with a different prevalence according to different HIV-1 subtype/circulating recombinant form/group.


  The G140S mutation in HIV integrases from raltegravir-resistant patients rescues catalytic defect due to the resistance Q148H mutation.
 PMID: 19129221       2009       Nucleic acids research
Introduction: Others mutations, such as the E92 and E157Q, have also been described.


  Mutations associated with failure of raltegravir treatment affect integrase sensitivity to the inhibitor in vitro.
 PMID: 18227187       2008       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: All the mutations identified altered the activities of integrase protein: both 3' processing and strand transfer activities were moderately affected in the E92Q mutant; strand transfer was markedly impaired in the N155H mutant; both activities were strongly impaired in the G140S Q148H mutant; and the E157Q mutant was almost completely inactive.
Abstract: At least four genetic profiles (E92Q, G140S Q148H, N155H, and E157Q) can be associated with in vivo treatment failure and resistance to raltegravir.
Abstract: Four different mutation profiles were identified in these nine patients


  Natural variation of HIV-1 group M integrase: implications for a new class of antiretroviral inhibitors.
 PMID: 18687142       2008       Retrovirology
Abstract: All primary INI-resistance mutations with the exception of E157Q--which was present in 1.1% of sequences--were nonpolymorphic.
Result: Among the CCD mutations shown to directly reduce raltegravir or elvitegravir susceptibility - H51Y, T66I, E92Q, F121Y, G140S, Y143C/H/R, Q146P, S147G, Q148H/R/K, S153Y, N155H/S, and E157Q - only positions 153 and 157 are polymorphic (prevalence >= 0.5%) with S153A and


  Comparison of raltegravir and elvitegravir on HIV-1 integrase catalytic reactions and on a series of drug-resistant integrase mutants.
 PMID: 18702518       2008       Biochemistry
Introduction: Other mutations reported for elvitegravir are H51Y, T66I, Q95K, E138K, Q146P, S147G and E157Q.


  Natural polymorphism of the HIV-1 integrase gene and mutations associated with integrase inhibitor resistance.
 PMID: 17668566       2007       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Of the 42 aa substitutions currently associated with INI resistance, 21 occurred as natural polymorphisms: V72I, L74I, T97A, T112I, A128T, E138K, Q148H, V151I, S153Y/A, M154I, N155H, K156N, E157Q, G163R, V165I, V201I, I203M, T206S, S230N and R263K.



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