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 HIV mutation literature information.


  [Resistance profile of rilpivirine].
 PMID: 24252532       2013       Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: In vitro studies and phase III clinical trials have allowed the identification of 16 mutations associated with resistance to RPV K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L.


  Basis for early and preferential selection of the E138K mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 23856772       2013       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: E138K, as well as E138G, consistently emerged first during ETR selection experiments, followed by E138A and E138Q; E138R was never selected.
Abstract: We hypothesized that there was a mutational bias for the E138K substitution and designed an allele-specific PCR to monitor the emergence of E138A/G/K/Q/R/V during ETR selection experiments.


  Effect of mutations at position E138 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their interactions with the M184I mutation on defining patterns of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors rilpivirine and etravirine.
 PMID: 23612196       2013       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: E138Q/R-containing enzymes and viruses also showed the most marked decrease in susceptibility to ETR by both assays.
Abstract: Each of the E138A/G/K/Q/R mutations, alone or in combination with M184I, resulted in decreased susceptibility to RPV and etravirine (ETR).
Abstract: Impacts of mutations at position E138 (A/G/K/Q/R/V) alone or in combination with M184I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were investigated.


  Prevalence of pre-existing resistance-associated mutations to rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with B and non-B subtype HIV-1 viruses.
 PMID: 23361642       2013       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: We studied the primary rilpivirine RAMs (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) and other potential rilpivirine-associated mutations (V90I, L100I, K101T, E138S, V179D/I, Y188L, V189I, G190A/E/S and M230V).


  Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
 PMID: 23199801       2012       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.


  Effect of mutations at position E138 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on phenotypic susceptibility and virologic response to etravirine.
 PMID: 21637112       2011       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Site-directed mutants harboring E138A/G/K/Q/R or S showed etravirine fold change values of 2.9, 2.4, 2.6, 3.0, 3.6, and 2.8, respectively.


  Etravirine and rilpivirine resistance in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE-infected adults failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens.
 PMID: 22024527       2011       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: No E138R/E138K mutations were detected.


  TMC278, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1.
 PMID: 19933797       2010       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: NNRTI RAMs emerging in HIV-1 under selective pressure from TMC278 included combinations of V90I, L100I, K101E, V106A/I, V108I, E138G/K/Q/R, V179F/I, Y181C/I, V189I, G190E, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L.
Abstract: E138R was identified as a new NNRTI RAM.


  Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 wild-type and mutant reverse transcriptases by the phenyl ethyl thiazolyl thiourea derivatives trovirdine and MSC-127.
 PMID: 8669892       1995       Antiviral research
Abstract: The prototype compound trovirdine (LY 300046 HCl) and one analogue, MSC-127, have been studied with respect to inhibition of wild-type HIV-1 RT and RT with various mutations known to give rise to resistance to other non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, namely Leu100-->Ile (Ile100), Glu138-->Arg (Arg138), Tyr181-->Cys (Cys181) and Tyr188-->His (His188).


  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains selected for resistance against the HIV-1-specific [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro- 5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide)]-beta-D-pentofurano syl (TSAO) nucleoside analogues retain sensitivity to HIV-1-specific nonnucleoside inhibitors.
 PMID: 7688467       1993       Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Abstract: However, HIV-1 RT containing the Glu-138-->Arg substitution was stable.



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