High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.
PMID: 30640198
2019
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Result: Twenty-nine (9.5%) of the children had additional NNRTI mutations (A98G, E138A/G/K/Q, H221Y, and M230L) that confer resistance to second generation NNRTI drugs etravirine and rilpivirine.
Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.
Introduction: However, the landscape of antiretrovirals is changing continuously and new mutations such as E138A/G/K/Q/R (that confers resistance to the NNRTI rilpivirine (RPV), approved in 2011) are therefore not covered by this list.
Result: The most common TDRMs found in baseline samples were the T215 revertants, followed by E138A/G/K/Q/R, K103NS, V179DE and M41L (S1 Table).
Discussion: Competition experiments have shown that E138A/G are the substitutions with the highest fitness, followed by E138R/K/Q, which is in line with the long mean persistence times found in our study.
Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V/I.
PMID: 31430369
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: Primary NNRTI-R substitutions were L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106M/A, V108I, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, G190A/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C and M230L/I in RT.
Result: NNRTI-R substitutions were observed in 23% (124/543) of participants; the most frequently detected substitutions w
HIV Drug Resistance after Failure of 6 Month First-line Therapy in a Hospital: A Case Series.
Abstract: A total of 26 clusters containing PDR and a rapidly growing drug resistancerelated cluster containing the E138Q and V179D mutations were identified by genetic transmission network analysis.
Result: From 2016 to 2018, most of the clusters containing drug resistance mutations did not show rapid growth within the cluster, but one cluster formed in 2017 contained three HIV-infected people carrying E138Q and V179D drug resistance mutations.
Result: In 2018, this cluster grew to contain 7 HIV-infected people, and five of them harbored the E138Q and V179D drug resistance mutations.
Result: These five cases contained the E138Q and
Trends in HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations from a U.S. Reference Laboratory from 2006 to 2017.
PMID: 31169022
2019
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Rilpivirine and etravirine DRMs E138A/Q/R and E138K increased from 4.9% and 0.4% to 9.7% and 1.7%, respectively.
Frequent cross-resistance to rilpivirine among subtype C HIV-1 from first-line antiretroviral therapy failures in South Africa.
Introduction: For example, in an RT-SHIV-infected macaque intravenously administered TMC278LA, the RPV-associated mutation E138Q was selected 17 weeks after the second TMC278 injection and conferred low level (4-fold) RPV resistance.
Figure: FC resistance was evaluated based on the contribution of the number of RPV-associated mutations (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) per sample with and without K103N.
Selective resistance profiles emerging in patient-derived clinical isolates with cabotegravir, bictegravir, dolutegravir, and elvitegravir.
Introduction: Similarly, at week 48 in the Phase 2 Latte study, the injectable long-acting formulation of CAB and RIL was non-inferior to efavirenz on a dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone with one virological failure in injectable CAB/RIL arm harbouring viruses acquiring the INSTI-associated Q148R mutation with the E138Q NNRTI-resistant mutation.
High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.
Result: E138A/K/Q, a mutation related to the NNRTIs etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) was found in 8.6% of subjects, although these drugs are not currently available and not part of the standard treatment regimen in South Africa.
Result: Excluding E138A/K/Q among NNRTI mutations reduced the NNRTI resistance prevalence from 65.2 to 62.5%.
Discussion: In fact, in the Stanford Drug Resistance database, subtype C strains from drug exposed patients have a higher prevalence of the E138A/K/Q mutation compared to other group M strains (8-9.5% vs.
Discussion: Similarly, we speculate that the occurrence of the E138A/K/Q mutation could be due to the codon usage of subtype C
Prevalence of drug resistance among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Greece during 2003-2015: Transmitted drug resistance is due to onward transmissions.
PMID: 28688977
2017
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: For subtype B, 68.1% (139 out of 204) of resistant strains (E138A, K103N, E138Q V179D) belonged to clusters.
Abstract: The majority of subtype A sequences (89.7%; 245 out of 273) with the dominant NNRTI resistance mutations (E138A, K103N, E138Q, V179D) were found to belong to monophyletic clusters suggesting regional dispersal.
Abstract: The most frequently observed NNRTI resistant mutations were E138A (7.7%), E138Q (4.0%), K103N (2.3%) and V179D (1.3%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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