Abstract: A total of 26 clusters containing PDR and a rapidly growing drug resistancerelated cluster containing the E138Q and V179D mutations were identified by genetic transmission network analysis.
Result: From 2016 to 2018, most of the clusters containing drug resistance mutations did not show rapid growth within the cluster, but one cluster formed in 2017 contained three HIV-infected people carrying E138Q and V179D drug resistance mutations.
Result: In 2018, this cluster grew to contain 7 HIV-infected people, and five of them harbored the E138Q and V179D drug resistance mutations.
Result: These five cases contained the E138Q and
HIV Drug Resistance after Failure of 6 Month First-line Therapy in a Hospital: A Case Series.
Abstract: The common NRTI mutations were M184VI and K65R, while NNRTI mutations were Y181CFGVY, K103N, A98AG, E138GQ and G190AGS.
Trends in HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations from a U.S. Reference Laboratory from 2006 to 2017.
PMID: 31169022
2019
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Rilpivirine and etravirine DRMs E138A/Q/R and E138K increased from 4.9% and 0.4% to 9.7% and 1.7%, respectively.
High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.
PMID: 30640198
2019
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Result: Twenty-nine (9.5%) of the children had additional NNRTI mutations (A98G, E138A/G/K/Q, H221Y, and M230L) that confer resistance to second generation NNRTI drugs etravirine and rilpivirine.
A comparison between two dolutegravir-based two-drug regimens as switch strategies in a multicentre cohort of HIV-1-infected patients.
Abstract: In the RPV group, during 371.0 PYFU, there were 5 VF (1 developed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations Y181C and E138Q) and 13 TD.
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: Several additional DRMs not on the SDRM list were analyzed including (1) the primarily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-selected DRMs A62V, K65N, and K70G/N/Q/S/T and (2) the primarily rilpivirine (RPV)-selected DRMs E138A/G/K/Q, of which E138A is polymorphic, occurring in 1%-4% of viruses from ART-naive individuals.
Result: The mutations E138A/G/K/Q, which are associated with reduced RPV susceptibility but are not on the SDRM list, occurred in 99 individuals, including 90 without an SDRM.
Frequent cross-resistance to rilpivirine among subtype C HIV-1 from first-line antiretroviral therapy failures in South Africa.
Introduction: For example, in an RT-SHIV-infected macaque intravenously administered TMC278LA, the RPV-associated mutation E138Q was selected 17 weeks after the second TMC278 injection and conferred low level (4-fold) RPV resistance.
Figure: FC resistance was evaluated based on the contribution of the number of RPV-associated mutations (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) per sample with and without K103N.
Selective resistance profiles emerging in patient-derived clinical isolates with cabotegravir, bictegravir, dolutegravir, and elvitegravir.
Introduction: Similarly, at week 48 in the Phase 2 Latte study, the injectable long-acting formulation of CAB and RIL was non-inferior to efavirenz on a dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone with one virological failure in injectable CAB/RIL arm harbouring viruses acquiring the INSTI-associated Q148R mutation with the E138Q NNRTI-resistant mutation.
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Abstract: A62V, V90I, K103N, or E138A/G/K/Q; 68-82%) demonstrated virologic suppression at week 48, with no resistance development except for one patient with M184V and pre-existing K103N in the ATV + RTV + FTC/TDF group.
Result: E138A/K/Q, a mutation related to the NNRTIs etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) was found in 8.6% of subjects, although these drugs are not currently available and not part of the standard treatment regimen in South Africa.
Result: Excluding E138A/K/Q among NNRTI mutations reduced the NNRTI resistance prevalence from 65.2 to 62.5%.
Discussion: In fact, in the Stanford Drug Resistance database, subtype C strains from drug exposed patients have a higher prevalence of the E138A/K/Q mutation compared to other group M strains (8-9.5% vs.
Discussion: Similarly, we speculate that the occurrence of the E138A/K/Q mutation could be due to the codon usage of subtype C
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Current HIV research
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