Patterns of drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients in Greece during the last decade: the crucial role of transmission networks.
PMID: 25397487
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: Crucially, we found that both K103N, E138Q are associated with transmission networking within men having sex with men (MSM) and intravenous drug user (IDU) local networks.
Abstract: Phylodynamic analyses revealed that the exponential growth for K103N network started in 2009 (Figure 1) and for the E138Q in 2010.
Abstract: The prevalence of K103N and E138Q were significantly increased during 2003-2013.
[Resistance profile of rilpivirine].
PMID: 24252532
2013
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: In vitro studies and phase III clinical trials have allowed the identification of 16 mutations associated with resistance to RPV K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L.
Basis for early and preferential selection of the E138K mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
PMID: 23856772
2013
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: E138K, as well as E138G, consistently emerged first during ETR selection experiments, followed by E138A and E138Q; E138R was never selected.
Abstract: We hypothesized that there was a mutational bias for the E138K substitution and designed an allele-specific PCR to monitor the emergence of E138A/G/K/Q/R/V during ETR selection experiments.
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: The following non-polymorphic ARV-selected mutations were classified as drug resistance mutations (DRM): (i) the NRTI resistance mutations M41L, A62V, K65RN, D67NG, T69D, T69 insertions, T69 deletion, K70REGQ, L74VI, V75MT, F77L, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184VI, L210W, T215YFSDCIV, and K219QENR; (ii) the
Effect of mutations at position E138 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their interactions with the M184I mutation on defining patterns of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors rilpivirine and etravirine.
PMID: 23612196
2013
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: E138Q/R-containing enzymes and viruses also showed the most marked decrease in susceptibility to ETR by both assays.
Abstract: Each of the E138A/G/K/Q/R mutations, alone or in combination with M184I, resulted in decreased susceptibility to RPV and etravirine (ETR).
Abstract: Impacts of mutations at position E138 (A/G/K/Q/R/V) alone or in combination with M184I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were investigated.
Abstract: The E138K/Q/R mutations can compensate for M184I in regard to both enzymatic fitness and viral replication capacity.
Abstract: The favored emergence
Prevalence of pre-existing resistance-associated mutations to rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with B and non-B subtype HIV-1 viruses.
PMID: 23361642
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: We studied the primary rilpivirine RAMs (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) and other potential rilpivirine-associated mutations (V90I, L100I, K101T, E138S, V179D/I, Y188L, V189I, G190A/E/S and M230V).
Rilpivirine: a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
PMID: 23099850
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Seventeen NNRTI mutations have been associated with decreased susceptibility to rilpivirine: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L, Y188L and the combination L100I + K103N.
Rilpivirine resistance mutations in HIV patients failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based therapies.
Abstract: The prevalence of RPV RAMs was K101E (9.1%), K101P (1.4%), E138A (3.9%), E138G (0.3%), E138K (0.3%), E138Q (0.8%), V179L (0.2%), Y181C (21.8%), Y181I (0.5%), Y181V (0.2%), H221Y (8.3%), F227C (0.1%) and M230L (1.5%).
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.
Surveillance of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-1 infected women attending antenatal clinics in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe.
Result: Some sequences contained recently described mutations that may reduce the susceptibility to etravirine; E28K (0.84%), V90I (0.42%) and E138Q (0.42%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
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