Low Frequency of Drug-Resistant Variants Selected by Long-Acting Rilpivirine in Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
PMID: 26438501
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: RT mutations E138G and E138Q were detected in single clones from plasma virus in separate animals only at one time point, and no resistance mutations were detected in viral RNA isolated from tissues.
Abstract: Wild-type and E138Q RT-SHIV displayed similar RPV susceptibilities in vitro, whereas E138G conferred 2-fold resistance to RPV.
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Result: Twenty-eight NVP-selected mutations (V90I, K101E, K103N/R, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138A/G/K/R, Y181C, Y188C, G190A or P225H) were detected in 19 samples at levels of 1.1% to 99.1%.
Table: E138G
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Result: E138GAR mutations, conferring DR to rilpivirine and etravirine were also highly prevalent (4.7%), causing higher PDR estimations when using the Stanford DR definition (Table 3).
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) cross-resistance: implications for preclinical evaluation of novel NNRTIs and clinical genotypic resistance testing.
PMID: 23934770
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: K101H, E138G, V179F and M230L mutations, associated with reduced susceptibility to etravirine and rilpivirine, were also associated with reduced susceptibility to nevirapine and/or efavirenz.
Characteristics of HIV-1 natural drug resistance-associated mutations in former paid blood donors in Henan Province, China.
Discussion: Results from the HIV-1 drug resistance mutation research by the International AIDS Society-USA (updated in March 2013) have revealed that PI resistance mutation sites are L10I, K20M, V32I, M36I, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50V, Q58E, A71V, G73S, V82A/F/T, I84V, L89V,L90M; NRTIs resistance mutations are M41L, A62V, PMID: 24746459
2014
Antiviral research
Introduction: Although RPV has been reported to have higher in vitro genetic barrier to resistance, at least 17 single substitutions in HIV-1 RT (L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L) have been associated with a decreased virologic response to this NNRTI.
Introduction: In contrast to E138A, the frequencies of other substitutions at codon 138 (i.e., E138G/K/Q) were similar in both subtypes B and C.
Introduction: In subtype
Prevalence in the USA of rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations in clinical samples and effects on phenotypic susceptibility to rilpivirine and etravirine.
Abstract: METHODS: In total, 15,991 samples submitted to Monogram Biosciences (South San Francisco, CA, USA) for routine resistance testing between January 2010 and June 2011 were assessed for the presence of known rilpivirine RAMs K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) RAMs K103N, L100I and L100I+K103N; and the
Transmitted drug resistance to rilpivirine among antiretroviral-naive patients living with HIV from northern Poland.
PMID: 24746180
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: RESULTS: IAS-USA RPV drug resistance mutations were found in 5.3% sequences, with E138A and E138G being the most common (3.7 and 0.8%, respectively), followed by K101E (0.4%) and Y181C (0.4%), with no significant differences in the frequency between subtype B and non-B clades.
Abstract: RPV-associated mutations were divided into RPV resistance mutations (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) according to the International AIDS Society-USA (I
2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Discussion: Fifteen mutations have been associated with decreased rilpivirine susceptibility (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L).
Use of dolutegravir in two INI-experienced patients with multiclass resistance resulted in excellent virological and immunological responses.
PMID: 25397500
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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